Estudo fitoquímico da bixina e fração oleosa extraídos da bixa orellana biomonitorado pela atividade leishmanicida

• Autor(a) principal: Vilar, Daniela de Araujo
• Data de Publicação: 2015
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/tede/8267
• topic: Leishmania. Toxicidade. Urucum.; Leishmaniasis. Toxicity.Anatto.; CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::FARMACIA

Leishmaniasis is a disease transmitted by protozoans of the Leishmania gender. A huge number of species are responsible for the infection in human beings, resulting in three clinical phenotypes. The World Health Organization – WHO classify them as neglected diseases, and encourages the search of new medical drugs or formulations that are effective and that have low toxicity to humans. All the medical drugs actually used for the treatment of the leishmaniasis present some kind of restriction such as high toxicity, severe side effects, elevated cost, parenteral administration or teratogenicity. That being said, the development of more effective and selective drugs is very important, and the identification of exclusive metabolic pathways of the parasites that can be targeted might be an interesting starting point. Medicinal plants have been a rich source to the obtaining of molecules to be therapeutically explored. The Bixa Orellana L., popularly know as “annatto”, presents different pharmacological activities that are already proven. The objective of this work was to verify the anti-leishmaniasis potential and the toxicity of the phytochemicals of the oily fraction of Bixa Orellana and bixin extracted of its seeds, aiming to verify and prove its biological activity, security and therapeutic effectiveness in order to develop a phytotherapic drug. The bixin was characterized through a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of ¹H and ¹³C, and the oily fraction by a gas chromatography within a mass spectrometer. It can be inferred that the bixin and the oily fraction are presented as toxic because they have shown values of LD50 of 353,64±67,54 and 285,41±35,81μg/mL, respectively, and present low toxicity against swiss mouse erythrocytes and low toxicity after acute administration of the 2000 mg/mL doses. The bixin and the oily fraction inhibited the growth of promastigote forms, generating an IC50 of 2,16 μg/mL and 1,26 μg/mL, respectively, for the Leishmania major. The Trypan blue exclusion test has shown a significant cytotoxicity of the studied substances over murine macrophages. The calculated CC50 for the murine macrophages was 59,51 μg/mL and 111,41 μg/mL, for the bixin and oily fraction, respectively, so, they are more toxic for the parasites than for the relieved macrophages. The bixin and the oily fraction did not present an in vivo anti-Leishmaniasis effect in swiss mice infected with the L. major. It can be concluded that both bixin and oily fraction presented anti-Leishmaniasis activity (leishmaniostatic and leishmanicide) against promastigote forms of L. major.