Identificação de carotenoides e quantificação de compostos bioativos e atividade antioxidante em frutos do gênero Spondias

• Autor(a) principal: Gondim, Perla Joana Souza
• Data de Publicação: 2012
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/tede/8034
• topic: Spondias; Bioactive compounds; Compostos bioativos; Antioxidantes naturais; Natural antioxidants; CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA

Umbu (Spondias tuberosa Arr Cam), umbu-caja (Spondias sp.) and cajarana do Sertão (Spondias sp.) are fruit tree species still in stage of domestication, which belong to the Anacardiaceae family, whose fruits are appreciated by the excellent sensorial quality, as well as an alternative source of income, due to the extractive exploitation of their fruit in the harvest season. The objective of this study was to evaluate the fruits of native genotypes of three species of the genus Spondias, umbu, umbu-caja and cajarana do Sertão (Spondias sp.) harvested in two maturity stages, from different areas of occurrence in the Paraiba and Rio Grande do Norte states, Brazilian Nortestern. After harvest, fruits were transported to the Laboratory of Biology and Technology Postharvest - CCA - UFPB, where it was carried out the physical and physicochemical evaluations. The contents of bioactive compounds, qualification of caratenoides, and total antioxidant activity (TAA) by ABTS and ORAC methods were conducted at the Center of Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry (CBQF) of the School of Biotechnology (ESB) at the Catholic University of Porto (UCP) - Porto, Portugal. Among the physical characteristics of the fruits stand out for high yield above 60% the umbu-caja and 80% the umbu. For the physicochemical characteristics, in umbu-caja it was observed values of SS of 11.86%, 1.05% AT, and the SS / TA ratio that was highlighted for the genotype G2, with the highest average 13.75. For umbu, the SS / TA ratio, the only the P11 genotype had an average below the minimum value (10.00) required by the Brazilian Standard of Identity and Quality (PIQ), standing out fruits of the genotypes P1 and P7 (Soledad - PB) and P17 (Juazeirinho - PB) with values higher than 16.00. Fruits from most genotypes (70.83%) are proper for fresh consumption, due to the acidity content below 1.0 g.100g-1 of citric acid, evidencing be an alternative to the fresh fruit market and for processing. The carotenoides were identified and quantified by HPLC and in these three species studied was found the following types: zeaxanthin, β- cryptoxanthin, and β-carotene, but this latter was not found in umbu-caja. The levels of total carotenoids in umbu-caja, and Spondias sp umbu Sertão were: 7.12, 2.46, and 1130.34 μg.100g-1, respectively. Zeaxanthin was the major constituent in these species evaluated, and the highest content was found in the full ripen cajarana do Sertão (Spondias sp) (463.67 μg.100g-1). The bioactive compounds directly responsible for antioxidant activity, in addition to the total carotenoids and their constituents were yellow flavonoids, in the cajarana do Sertão, and polyphenols, in umbu. These compounds provide a significant source of natural antioxidants to the diet of the population of the Semi-Arid. The ABTS method was adequate for quantification of the antioxidant activity in fruit of the genus Spondias.