Florística e fitossociologia, deposição de serapilheira e atividade microbiana em áreas de caatinga sob pastejo caprino
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2015 |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB |
Texto Completo: | https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/14535 |
Resumo: | The Caatinga is the main biome of the Brazilian semi-arid region and the number of degraded areas in its ecosystems has been growing every day. The objective of this work is to know the floristic and phytosociological composition of litter deposition, and microbiological attributes of soil in areas under different densities of goats, aiming to use these parameters as indicators of desertification. The study was carried out on the Experimental Farm Basin School (7° 24‟ S; 36° 32‟ W), in São João do Cariri-PB. The density of goats was of 3 animals/ha and 1.5 animals/ha in the treatments T1 and T2, respectively; and no animals in T3 and T4. Thirty plots of 10 m x 10 m were plotted in each experimental area, distributed over three lines of semi-parallel tracks. Floristic and phytosociological analyses included only individuals of arboreal and shrubby ports with CNS ≥ 9.5 cm and At ≥ 1.0 m. Collectors were distributed in the areas, with monthly inspection to collect the material that felt from plants. The referred material was kiln-dried and weighed. Soil samples were collected to analyze microbiological and chemical attributes and fertility. To determine the decomposition activity (AD), nylon bags were used containing pure cellulose in its interior, and buried at 20.0 cm depth. These were collected and renewed every 45 days, which rate of decomposition was determined. The microbial biomass (BM) was estimated using the method of fumigation-incubation and respiratory activity (AR) from non-fumigated soil samples. From these parameters, the qCO2 and Cmic : Corg of soils were calculated. Related to floristic and phytosociology, 413 individuals were registered, six families and nine species; 332 individuals, seven families and nine species; 315 individuals, six families and nine species and 215 individuals, four families and seven species in T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. The families Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Apocynaceae and Cactacea were those that exhibited the greatest numbers of individuals, and the species P. pyramidalis, A. pyrifolium, P. gounellei, and C. blanchetianus exhibited the highest values for all phytosociological parameters analyzed. Considering the data of litter, it was not found sufficient evidence to conclude about the effects of treatments, and evaluation times of seasonality on the deposition of this material. In almost all treatments, the deposition was very low if compared to other areas of caatinga preserved, being, in some treatments, less than the annual consumption of goats. The soils of the four treatments presented high sum of bases (high contents of Ca, Mg, K and Na) and low levels of soil organic matter. The low values of litter here obtained when compared to those observed in areas of better preserved caatingas seem to serve as good indicators of degradation. The AD (decomposition activity) was not useful as biological indicator of degraded areas, because in some evaluation times it was higher in T1 and T2 and in others, in the testimony area. As general analysis, one can infer that the treatment T3 presented the best pH, the highest levels of P, K, Ca and Mg and values of CTC, V% and SB than the soil of the areas I, II and IV, as well as the highest floristic diversity. BM parameters, RB, qCO2 and Cmic : Corg relation (in 2012) and BM and Cmic : Corg (2013) were more susceptible to degradation by grazing, and can be used as ecological indicators of degraded areas. |
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Florística e fitossociologia, deposição de serapilheira e atividade microbiana em áreas de caatinga sob pastejo caprinoSemiáridoPastejoDesertificaçãoIndicadores ecológicosCNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIAThe Caatinga is the main biome of the Brazilian semi-arid region and the number of degraded areas in its ecosystems has been growing every day. The objective of this work is to know the floristic and phytosociological composition of litter deposition, and microbiological attributes of soil in areas under different densities of goats, aiming to use these parameters as indicators of desertification. The study was carried out on the Experimental Farm Basin School (7° 24‟ S; 36° 32‟ W), in São João do Cariri-PB. The density of goats was of 3 animals/ha and 1.5 animals/ha in the treatments T1 and T2, respectively; and no animals in T3 and T4. Thirty plots of 10 m x 10 m were plotted in each experimental area, distributed over three lines of semi-parallel tracks. Floristic and phytosociological analyses included only individuals of arboreal and shrubby ports with CNS ≥ 9.5 cm and At ≥ 1.0 m. Collectors were distributed in the areas, with monthly inspection to collect the material that felt from plants. The referred material was kiln-dried and weighed. Soil samples were collected to analyze microbiological and chemical attributes and fertility. To determine the decomposition activity (AD), nylon bags were used containing pure cellulose in its interior, and buried at 20.0 cm depth. These were collected and renewed every 45 days, which rate of decomposition was determined. The microbial biomass (BM) was estimated using the method of fumigation-incubation and respiratory activity (AR) from non-fumigated soil samples. From these parameters, the qCO2 and Cmic : Corg of soils were calculated. Related to floristic and phytosociology, 413 individuals were registered, six families and nine species; 332 individuals, seven families and nine species; 315 individuals, six families and nine species and 215 individuals, four families and seven species in T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. The families Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Apocynaceae and Cactacea were those that exhibited the greatest numbers of individuals, and the species P. pyramidalis, A. pyrifolium, P. gounellei, and C. blanchetianus exhibited the highest values for all phytosociological parameters analyzed. Considering the data of litter, it was not found sufficient evidence to conclude about the effects of treatments, and evaluation times of seasonality on the deposition of this material. In almost all treatments, the deposition was very low if compared to other areas of caatinga preserved, being, in some treatments, less than the annual consumption of goats. The soils of the four treatments presented high sum of bases (high contents of Ca, Mg, K and Na) and low levels of soil organic matter. The low values of litter here obtained when compared to those observed in areas of better preserved caatingas seem to serve as good indicators of degradation. The AD (decomposition activity) was not useful as biological indicator of degraded areas, because in some evaluation times it was higher in T1 and T2 and in others, in the testimony area. As general analysis, one can infer that the treatment T3 presented the best pH, the highest levels of P, K, Ca and Mg and values of CTC, V% and SB than the soil of the areas I, II and IV, as well as the highest floristic diversity. BM parameters, RB, qCO2 and Cmic : Corg relation (in 2012) and BM and Cmic : Corg (2013) were more susceptible to degradation by grazing, and can be used as ecological indicators of degraded areas.A Caatinga é o bioma principal do semiárido brasileiro e o número de áreas degradadas em seus ecossistemas vem crescendo a cada dia. Conhecer a composição florística e fitossociológica, da deposição de serapilheira, e de atributos microbiológicos do solo em áreas sob diferentes densidades de caprinos, visando à utilização desses parâmetros como indicadores de desertificação foi o objetivo dessa investigação científica. O estudo foi realizado na Fazenda Experimental Bacia Escola (7º 24‟ S; 36º 32‟ W), em São João do Cariri-PB. A densidade de caprinos foi de 3 animais. ha-1 e 1,5 animais. ha-1, nos tratamentos T1 e T2, respectivamente; e sem animais em T3 e T4. Para cada tratamento foram plotadas 30 parcelas de 10 m x 10 m em cada área experimental, distribuídas ao longo de três linhas de faixa semiparalelas. Na análise florística e fitossociológica foram incluídos apenas indivíduos com CNS ≥ 9,5 cm e At ≥ 1,0 m. Foram distribuídos coletores nas áreas, com inspeção men-sal para coleta de material caído das plantas. O referido material foi seco em estufa e pesado. Foram realizadas coletas de solo para análises de atributos microbiológicos e de química e fertilidade. Para a determinação da atividade decompositora (AD) foram utilizados saquinhos de náilon com celulose pura em seu interior e enterrados a 20,0 cm de profundidade. Estes fo-ram coletados e renovados a cada 45 dias e determinada sua taxa de decomposição. A biomas-sa microbiana (BM) foi estimada utilizando-se do método de fumigação-incubação e a ativi-dade respiratória (AR) a partir de amostras de solo não-fumigadas. Desses parâmetros foram calculados o qCO2 e o Cmic : Corg dos solos. Relacionados a florística e fitossociologia, foram registrados 413 indivíduos, seis famílias e nove espécies; 332 indivíduos, sete famílias e nove espécies; 315 indivíduos, seis famílias e nove espécies e 215 indivíduos, quatro famílias e sete espécies nos tratamentos T1, T2, T3 e T4, respectivamente. As famílias com o maior número de indivídos foram Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Apocynaceae e Cactacea, e as espécies P. pyramidalis, A. pyrifolium, P. gounellei e C. blanchetianus exibiram os maiores valores para todos os parâmetros fitossociológico analisados. Com relação aos dados de serapilheira, não foram encontradas evidências suficientes para se avaliar os efeitos dos tratamentos, das épocas de avaliação e da sazonalidade sobre a deposição desse material. Em quase todos os tratamentos, a deposição foi muito baixa comparativamente a outras áreas de caatinga preservadas, sendo, em alguns tratamentos, inferiores ao consumo anual dos caprinos. Nos solos dos quatro tratamentos apresentaram era elevada soma de bases (teores de Ca, Mg, K e Na elevados) e baixos os teores de matéria orgânica do solo. Os baixos valores de serapilheira obtidos quando comparados àqueles observados em áreas de caatingas preservadas parecem servir de bons indicadores de degradação. A atividade decompositora não foi adequada como indicadora biológica de áreas degradadas, pois em algumas épocas de avaliação ela foi maior em T1 e T2 e em outras, nas testemunhas. Como análise geral, pode-se afirmar que o solo do tratamento T3 apresentou o melhor pH, os maiores teores de P, K, Ca e Mg e valores de CTC, V% e SB do que o solo das áreas I, II e IV, como também o maior índice de diversidade florística. Os parâmetros BM, RB, qCO2 e a relação Cmic : Corg (em 2012) e BM e Cmic : Corg (2013) foram mais sensíveis à degradação pelo pastejo, podendo ser utilizados como indicadores ecológicos de áreas degradadas.Universidade Federal da ParaíbaBrasilSolos e Engenharia RuralPrograma de Pós-Graduação em AgronomiaUFPBSouto, Jacob Silvahttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4799443H0Andrade, Albericio Pereira dehttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4788002H2Luna, Rômulo Gil de2019-06-03T12:21:01Z2016-08-122019-06-03T12:21:01Z2015-04-11info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesishttps://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/14535porAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazilhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPBinstname:Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB)instacron:UFPB2019-06-04T06:06:29Zoai:repositorio.ufpb.br:123456789/14535Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttps://repositorio.ufpb.br/PUBhttp://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/oai/requestdiretoria@ufpb.br|| diretoria@ufpb.bropendoar:2019-06-04T06:06:29Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB - Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Florística e fitossociologia, deposição de serapilheira e atividade microbiana em áreas de caatinga sob pastejo caprino |
title |
Florística e fitossociologia, deposição de serapilheira e atividade microbiana em áreas de caatinga sob pastejo caprino |
spellingShingle |
Florística e fitossociologia, deposição de serapilheira e atividade microbiana em áreas de caatinga sob pastejo caprino Luna, Rômulo Gil de Semiárido Pastejo Desertificação Indicadores ecológicos CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA |
title_short |
Florística e fitossociologia, deposição de serapilheira e atividade microbiana em áreas de caatinga sob pastejo caprino |
title_full |
Florística e fitossociologia, deposição de serapilheira e atividade microbiana em áreas de caatinga sob pastejo caprino |
title_fullStr |
Florística e fitossociologia, deposição de serapilheira e atividade microbiana em áreas de caatinga sob pastejo caprino |
title_full_unstemmed |
Florística e fitossociologia, deposição de serapilheira e atividade microbiana em áreas de caatinga sob pastejo caprino |
title_sort |
Florística e fitossociologia, deposição de serapilheira e atividade microbiana em áreas de caatinga sob pastejo caprino |
author |
Luna, Rômulo Gil de |
author_facet |
Luna, Rômulo Gil de |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Souto, Jacob Silva http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4799443H0 Andrade, Albericio Pereira de http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4788002H2 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Luna, Rômulo Gil de |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Semiárido Pastejo Desertificação Indicadores ecológicos CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA |
topic |
Semiárido Pastejo Desertificação Indicadores ecológicos CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA |
description |
The Caatinga is the main biome of the Brazilian semi-arid region and the number of degraded areas in its ecosystems has been growing every day. The objective of this work is to know the floristic and phytosociological composition of litter deposition, and microbiological attributes of soil in areas under different densities of goats, aiming to use these parameters as indicators of desertification. The study was carried out on the Experimental Farm Basin School (7° 24‟ S; 36° 32‟ W), in São João do Cariri-PB. The density of goats was of 3 animals/ha and 1.5 animals/ha in the treatments T1 and T2, respectively; and no animals in T3 and T4. Thirty plots of 10 m x 10 m were plotted in each experimental area, distributed over three lines of semi-parallel tracks. Floristic and phytosociological analyses included only individuals of arboreal and shrubby ports with CNS ≥ 9.5 cm and At ≥ 1.0 m. Collectors were distributed in the areas, with monthly inspection to collect the material that felt from plants. The referred material was kiln-dried and weighed. Soil samples were collected to analyze microbiological and chemical attributes and fertility. To determine the decomposition activity (AD), nylon bags were used containing pure cellulose in its interior, and buried at 20.0 cm depth. These were collected and renewed every 45 days, which rate of decomposition was determined. The microbial biomass (BM) was estimated using the method of fumigation-incubation and respiratory activity (AR) from non-fumigated soil samples. From these parameters, the qCO2 and Cmic : Corg of soils were calculated. Related to floristic and phytosociology, 413 individuals were registered, six families and nine species; 332 individuals, seven families and nine species; 315 individuals, six families and nine species and 215 individuals, four families and seven species in T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. The families Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Apocynaceae and Cactacea were those that exhibited the greatest numbers of individuals, and the species P. pyramidalis, A. pyrifolium, P. gounellei, and C. blanchetianus exhibited the highest values for all phytosociological parameters analyzed. Considering the data of litter, it was not found sufficient evidence to conclude about the effects of treatments, and evaluation times of seasonality on the deposition of this material. In almost all treatments, the deposition was very low if compared to other areas of caatinga preserved, being, in some treatments, less than the annual consumption of goats. The soils of the four treatments presented high sum of bases (high contents of Ca, Mg, K and Na) and low levels of soil organic matter. The low values of litter here obtained when compared to those observed in areas of better preserved caatingas seem to serve as good indicators of degradation. The AD (decomposition activity) was not useful as biological indicator of degraded areas, because in some evaluation times it was higher in T1 and T2 and in others, in the testimony area. As general analysis, one can infer that the treatment T3 presented the best pH, the highest levels of P, K, Ca and Mg and values of CTC, V% and SB than the soil of the areas I, II and IV, as well as the highest floristic diversity. BM parameters, RB, qCO2 and Cmic : Corg relation (in 2012) and BM and Cmic : Corg (2013) were more susceptible to degradation by grazing, and can be used as ecological indicators of degraded areas. |
publishDate |
2015 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2015-04-11 2016-08-12 2019-06-03T12:21:01Z 2019-06-03T12:21:01Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
format |
doctoralThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/14535 |
url |
https://repositorio.ufpb.br/jspui/handle/123456789/14535 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/ |
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openAccess |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal da Paraíba Brasil Solos e Engenharia Rural Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia UFPB |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal da Paraíba Brasil Solos e Engenharia Rural Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia UFPB |
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reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB instname:Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) instacron:UFPB |
instname_str |
Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) |
instacron_str |
UFPB |
institution |
UFPB |
reponame_str |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB |
collection |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFPB - Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
diretoria@ufpb.br|| diretoria@ufpb.br |
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1801842948420141056 |