Essays on applied microeconomics
Autor(a) principal: | |
---|---|
Data de Publicação: | 2018 |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UFPE |
Texto Completo: | https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/29320 |
Resumo: | This thesis is composed by three unrelated chapters in applied microeconomics. In the first chapter I estimate the effect of hosting the Summer Olympic Games on country’s subsequent sports performance. In the second chapter I use the flash flood that occurred in the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina in 2008 to estimate the existence of spatial spillovers from natural disasters in geographically linked areas. The final chapter tests the “mobile guardianship” hypothesis on criminal activity through a quasi-experiment caused by the introduction of the ninth digit in mobile phones in some municipalities of the Brazilian state of São Paulo. The first chapter examines the effect of hosting the Summer Olympic Games on future country’s sport success, computing the total number of Olympic medals in the subsequent Games. In order to control for the endogeneity produced by the hosting decision, we use the Synthetic Control Method (SCM), which constructs a weighted country that works as a synthetic counterfactual. The main finding of this paper is that, although decreasing over time, the ex-host effect does not fade away immediately after hosting for some host countries (as Australia and Canada), and that the effect is negligible for middle income countries (as Mexico and Greece). Despite the high costs associated with hosting mega-events such as the Olympic Games, the results shed some light on an important benefit generated from investments in sports. In the second chapter I use a flash flood that occurred in the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina in 2008 to investigate the existence of spatial spillovers from natural disasters in geographically linked areas. For that, I estimate a difference-in-differences model that explicitly allows for the existence of spatial interactions within affected and non-affected regions. The results show that municipalities directly affected by the flood suffered a 8.47% decrease in GDP per capita on the year of the disaster. Three years after the flood however GDP per capita rebounded back to pre-disaster levels in all sectors but the Agricultural sector. Finally, the spatial estimations show that spillovers exist and are economically relevant. The final chapter presents prelimary evidence on how cell phone technology shocks affects crimes. If the phone guardianship hypothesis for crime drop is true, one should expect that exogenous shocks in mobile technology have impact on crime. The present study tests the discontinuity in the number of mobile access and its effects on a range of crimes and on victimization. Using data from Secretaria Estadual de Segurança Pública de São Paulo (SSP) and Brazilian Ministry of Health I estimate the average effect through a temporal difference-in-differences. The results suggest that the ninth digit have a significant impact on homicides and bodily injury, but no effect on vehicle and property thefts. The results provide an insight into the relationship between mobile technology and crime, in addition to supporting the expansion of technology-based policies to deter crime. |
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BARBOSA, Antonio Vinícius Barroshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/7699782385565295http://lattes.cnpq.br/6812437795723446SAMPAIO, Gustavo Ramos2019-02-20T18:23:11Z2019-02-20T18:23:11Z2018-01-17https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/29320This thesis is composed by three unrelated chapters in applied microeconomics. In the first chapter I estimate the effect of hosting the Summer Olympic Games on country’s subsequent sports performance. In the second chapter I use the flash flood that occurred in the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina in 2008 to estimate the existence of spatial spillovers from natural disasters in geographically linked areas. The final chapter tests the “mobile guardianship” hypothesis on criminal activity through a quasi-experiment caused by the introduction of the ninth digit in mobile phones in some municipalities of the Brazilian state of São Paulo. The first chapter examines the effect of hosting the Summer Olympic Games on future country’s sport success, computing the total number of Olympic medals in the subsequent Games. In order to control for the endogeneity produced by the hosting decision, we use the Synthetic Control Method (SCM), which constructs a weighted country that works as a synthetic counterfactual. The main finding of this paper is that, although decreasing over time, the ex-host effect does not fade away immediately after hosting for some host countries (as Australia and Canada), and that the effect is negligible for middle income countries (as Mexico and Greece). Despite the high costs associated with hosting mega-events such as the Olympic Games, the results shed some light on an important benefit generated from investments in sports. In the second chapter I use a flash flood that occurred in the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina in 2008 to investigate the existence of spatial spillovers from natural disasters in geographically linked areas. For that, I estimate a difference-in-differences model that explicitly allows for the existence of spatial interactions within affected and non-affected regions. The results show that municipalities directly affected by the flood suffered a 8.47% decrease in GDP per capita on the year of the disaster. Three years after the flood however GDP per capita rebounded back to pre-disaster levels in all sectors but the Agricultural sector. Finally, the spatial estimations show that spillovers exist and are economically relevant. The final chapter presents prelimary evidence on how cell phone technology shocks affects crimes. If the phone guardianship hypothesis for crime drop is true, one should expect that exogenous shocks in mobile technology have impact on crime. The present study tests the discontinuity in the number of mobile access and its effects on a range of crimes and on victimization. Using data from Secretaria Estadual de Segurança Pública de São Paulo (SSP) and Brazilian Ministry of Health I estimate the average effect through a temporal difference-in-differences. The results suggest that the ninth digit have a significant impact on homicides and bodily injury, but no effect on vehicle and property thefts. The results provide an insight into the relationship between mobile technology and crime, in addition to supporting the expansion of technology-based policies to deter crime.CNPqEsta tese é composta por três artigos não relacionados em microeconomia aplicada. O primeiro artigo estima o efeito de sediar os Jogos Olímpicos sobre a performance esportiva futura de um país. O segundo capítulo explora as fortes chuvas ocorridas em Santa Catarina em 2008 para investigar a existência de spillovers espaciais em regiões geograficamente relacionadas. No último capítulo é testada a hipótese da “segurança móvel” sobre a atividade criminal através de um quasi-experimento introduzido pela regra de adição do nono dígito aos telefones móveis em alguns municípios do estado de São Paulo. O primeiro capítulo examina o efeito de sediar os Jogos Olímpicos sobre a performance esportiva futura dos países-sede, computando o número de medalhas olímpicas conquistadas nas edições subsequentes. A fim de lidar com a endogeneidade relacionada à decisão de sediar os Jogos Olímpicos, utiliza-se o método de Controle Sintético, o qual constrói um país sintético através de um média ponderada de outros países como contrafactual. Os resultados mostram que, embora decrescentes ao longo do tempo, o efeito ex-host não desaparece imediatamente após sediar para alguns países (como Austrália e Canadá) e que o efeito é nulo para países de renda média (como México e Grécia). Apesar dos elevados custos associados a realização dos Jogos Olímpicos, este trabalho discute um importante benefício gerado através do investimento em esportes. O segundo capítulo utiliza as fortes chuvas ocorridas em Santa Catarina, no ano de 2008, para investigar a existência de spillovers espaciais em decorrência do desastre natural em regiões geograficamente relacionadas. Utiliza-se o método de diferença-em-diferenças que explicitamente permite a existência de interações espaciais entre regiões afetadas e não afetadas. Os resultados mostram que os municípios diretamente afetados sofreram uma queda de cerca de 8,47% no PIB per capita no ano do desastre. Três anos depois, no entanto, o PIB per capita retorna ao nível pré-disastre em todos os setores da economia, com exceção do setor agrícola. Por fim, os estimadores espaciais mostram que spillovers existem e são economicamente relevantes. O último capítulo mostra evidências preliminares de como choques sobre tecnologias de telefones móveis afetam criminalidade, baseado na teoria da “vigilância móvel”. Se a hipótese da “vigilância móvel” é verdadeira, espera-se que choques exógenos sobre a tecnologia de telefones móveis tenham impacto sobre a criminalidade. Utilizando os dados da Secretaria Estadual de Segurança Pública de São Paulo (SSP) e do Ministério da Saúde, estima-se o efeito médio do tratamento através de estimadores de diferenças em diferenças. Os resultados sugerem que a inclusão do nono dígito teve impacto significante sobre homicídios e lesão corporal dolosa, mas sem evidências para roubos ou furtos de veículos e propriedades. Tais evidências sugerem o uso intensivo de políticas baseadas em tecnologia para o combate ao crime.engUniversidade Federal de PernambucoPrograma de Pos Graduacao em EconomiaUFPEBrasilAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazilhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessJogos olímpicosDesastres naturaisTelefones móveisEssays on applied microeconomicsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisdoutoradoreponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPEinstname:Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE)instacron:UFPETHUMBNAILTESE Antonio Vinicius Barros Barbosa.pdf.jpgTESE Antonio Vinicius Barros Barbosa.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg1185https://repositorio.ufpe.br/bitstream/123456789/29320/6/TESE%20Antonio%20Vinicius%20Barros%20Barbosa.pdf.jpg82289465cb4165559c58249bda48dcb7MD56ORIGINALTESE Antonio Vinicius Barros Barbosa.pdfTESE Antonio Vinicius Barros Barbosa.pdfapplication/pdf1642307https://repositorio.ufpe.br/bitstream/123456789/29320/1/TESE%20Antonio%20Vinicius%20Barros%20Barbosa.pdfd9250b8f5029f0ae2f5fb77fbbcf8f36MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; 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dc.title.pt_BR.fl_str_mv |
Essays on applied microeconomics |
title |
Essays on applied microeconomics |
spellingShingle |
Essays on applied microeconomics BARBOSA, Antonio Vinícius Barros Jogos olímpicos Desastres naturais Telefones móveis |
title_short |
Essays on applied microeconomics |
title_full |
Essays on applied microeconomics |
title_fullStr |
Essays on applied microeconomics |
title_full_unstemmed |
Essays on applied microeconomics |
title_sort |
Essays on applied microeconomics |
author |
BARBOSA, Antonio Vinícius Barros |
author_facet |
BARBOSA, Antonio Vinícius Barros |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.authorLattes.pt_BR.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/7699782385565295 |
dc.contributor.advisorLattes.pt_BR.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/6812437795723446 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
BARBOSA, Antonio Vinícius Barros |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
SAMPAIO, Gustavo Ramos |
contributor_str_mv |
SAMPAIO, Gustavo Ramos |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Jogos olímpicos Desastres naturais Telefones móveis |
topic |
Jogos olímpicos Desastres naturais Telefones móveis |
description |
This thesis is composed by three unrelated chapters in applied microeconomics. In the first chapter I estimate the effect of hosting the Summer Olympic Games on country’s subsequent sports performance. In the second chapter I use the flash flood that occurred in the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina in 2008 to estimate the existence of spatial spillovers from natural disasters in geographically linked areas. The final chapter tests the “mobile guardianship” hypothesis on criminal activity through a quasi-experiment caused by the introduction of the ninth digit in mobile phones in some municipalities of the Brazilian state of São Paulo. The first chapter examines the effect of hosting the Summer Olympic Games on future country’s sport success, computing the total number of Olympic medals in the subsequent Games. In order to control for the endogeneity produced by the hosting decision, we use the Synthetic Control Method (SCM), which constructs a weighted country that works as a synthetic counterfactual. The main finding of this paper is that, although decreasing over time, the ex-host effect does not fade away immediately after hosting for some host countries (as Australia and Canada), and that the effect is negligible for middle income countries (as Mexico and Greece). Despite the high costs associated with hosting mega-events such as the Olympic Games, the results shed some light on an important benefit generated from investments in sports. In the second chapter I use a flash flood that occurred in the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina in 2008 to investigate the existence of spatial spillovers from natural disasters in geographically linked areas. For that, I estimate a difference-in-differences model that explicitly allows for the existence of spatial interactions within affected and non-affected regions. The results show that municipalities directly affected by the flood suffered a 8.47% decrease in GDP per capita on the year of the disaster. Three years after the flood however GDP per capita rebounded back to pre-disaster levels in all sectors but the Agricultural sector. Finally, the spatial estimations show that spillovers exist and are economically relevant. The final chapter presents prelimary evidence on how cell phone technology shocks affects crimes. If the phone guardianship hypothesis for crime drop is true, one should expect that exogenous shocks in mobile technology have impact on crime. The present study tests the discontinuity in the number of mobile access and its effects on a range of crimes and on victimization. Using data from Secretaria Estadual de Segurança Pública de São Paulo (SSP) and Brazilian Ministry of Health I estimate the average effect through a temporal difference-in-differences. The results suggest that the ninth digit have a significant impact on homicides and bodily injury, but no effect on vehicle and property thefts. The results provide an insight into the relationship between mobile technology and crime, in addition to supporting the expansion of technology-based policies to deter crime. |
publishDate |
2018 |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2018-01-17 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2019-02-20T18:23:11Z |
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv |
2019-02-20T18:23:11Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
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doctoralThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/29320 |
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https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/29320 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
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Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazil http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/ |
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openAccess |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Pernambuco |
dc.publisher.program.fl_str_mv |
Programa de Pos Graduacao em Economia |
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UFPE |
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Brasil |
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Universidade Federal de Pernambuco |
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