Caracterização da biologia floral, perfil de ácidos graxos do óleo e produção de macadâmia

• Autor(a) principal: Corrêa, Elisia Rodrigues
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFPel - Guaiaca
• Texto Completo: http://guaiaca.ufpel.edu.br/handle/123456789/2010
• topic: Densidade floral; Pólen; Ácidos graxos; Análise multivariada; Macadamia intergrifolia; Macadamia tetraphylla; Floral density; Pollen, fatty acids; Multivariate analyses; Macadamia intergrifolia; Macadamia tetraphylla; CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BOTANICA::FISIOLOGIA VEGETAL

Improving the yield is the primary aim for the macadamia breeding program, together with it the breeder has the constant challenge of trying to add others traits which will promote macadamia value. Among these stands out the study of pollination character, a factor that brings benefits to the production, since plants with this feature are independent of pollinating vectors, which are currently declining in population. Along with this feature is the search for a product (nut) with a nutritional value which will bring a beneficial to human health, for macadamia the goal is the development of oil with a good rate of monounsaturated fats. Faced with these challenges, the objective was to identify genotypes with greater production of nuts and to provide a high rate of self-pollination, as well to establish strategies to better characterize the profile of macadamia nut oils. For the self-fertility experiment, racemes from cultivated and wild macadamia tree were tagged and bagged for comparing self-pollination and open pollination. T1002.003, T108.002 and T1023.003 were the only wild genotypes which presents Final Nut Set from self-pollination. In the oil studies, three experiments were carried out. The first aiming to quantify the sample size of macadamia nuts for best characterizes the fatty acids oil profile. Macadamia nuts were harvested, dried, the oil were extracted and after analyzed with gas chromatography. The variance found among the nuts from the same tree is bigger than the variance among the genotypes conducting to the second experiment, aiming to understand the possible source of variability at macadamia oil profile and the better way for controlling it, twenty nuts from four tree of macadamia cultivar, A16, were harvested. However the variance among the nuts was not controlled too. A third experiment was developed for checking if it has a pollen influence at fatty acids profile in the macadamia oil. Nuts from the selection 11.1 from three source of pollen (open pollination, self-pollination and a cross with the genotype 268) were harvested. Overall, the result from the experiments shows that the pollen has an influence in the oil profile. The aim of the last experiment was to identify the best genotypes in a population of macadamia plants in relation to annual production of almonds, aimed establishing a base population for a breeding. The results obtained by mixed model methodology (REML / BLUP) and the correlation between genotype and phenotype demonstrate the importance of using BLUP predictors as a tool for breeding programs related to this case study.