Crescimento e consumo hídrico de genótipos de minimelancia em sistema hidropônico sob ambiente protegido

• Autor(a) principal: Marques, Gabriel Nachtigall
• Data de Publicação: 2013
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFPel - Guaiaca
• Texto Completo: http://guaiaca.ufpel.edu.br/handle/123456789/2376
• topic: Citrullus lanatus; Análise de crescimento; Partição de massa seca; Eficiência no uso da água; Cultivo sem solo; Lisímetros; Qualidade de frutos; Citrullus lanatus; Growth analysis; Dry mass partitioning; Soilless cultivation; Lysimeters; Fruit quality; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA

Mini watermelons production in hydroponics and greenhouse conditions can be a viable alternative for obtaining high fruit yield and quality jointly with a better productive resources use and reduced environmental impact. In this sense, the analysis of growth and the study on water consumption are tools that can be used to produce knowledge and information regarding crop behavior and very important for a better irrigation management, allowing to choose the most suitable genotype to the proposed crop system. Thus, two experiments were conducted with mini watermelon crop in hydroponic system under greenhouse and spring-summer crop-season at Universidade Federal de Pelotas , in Capão do Leão, RS . The first one aimed to characterize the growth dynamics of mini watermelon hybrid genotypes Beni Kodama® , Extasy® , Ki Kodama® and Taiyo® at 11 sampling dates (0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63 and 70 days after transplantation). Based on dry mass (DM) and leaf area data, it can be concluded that the genotypes have expressed growing tendency in relation to the accumulation of total plant DM, with a sigmoidal type growth curve. Genotype Extasy has shown higher vegetative growth from the half to the end of the crop cycle and lower intensity of fruit growth in the early and higher intensity of fruit growth in the end of the crop cycle than others. In relation to the fruit DM production, all genotypes presented a linear response to the time course of the crop cycle. Despite differences among fruit growth rates during the time course of the crop cycle, all genotypes showed similar patterns of fruit DM production at the end of the crop-season. For all genotypes, the crop relative growth rate decreased in relation to the age of the plant. Concerning the plant dry mass partitioning, leaves were the main drains of assimilates of the plant until the middle of the crop cycle. Fruits comprised from 1 to 5 % of the plant DM production at the beginning of fruiting and from 70 to 76 % of the plant DM at the end of the crop cycle. The second experiment aimed to characterize the duration of plant phenological phases, quantify the water consumption, determine the water use efficiency (WUE), as well as fruit yield and quality of two mini watermelon hybrids, 'Rapid Fire®' and 'Smile® . The obtained results indicated that 'Rapid Fire®' and 'Smile® showed similar total and daily volume of water consumption during the crop cycle, WUE, fruit yield and fruit chemical characteristics. For both genotypes, the maximum daily water consumption was 1.5 liter plant-1 day-1; the total water consumption was about 73-76 liters plant-1 and 80 % of the demand occurred during phenological stage III (maximum fruiting). The hybrids 'Rapid Fire®' and 'Smile®' showed fruit yield of 12.56 and 9.37 kg m-2, respectively, and an average solid soluble content of 10.3oBrix. 'Rapid Fire®' highlighted by its very high WUE for fruit production, 52.77 g L-1 on average. 'Rapid Fire®' and 'Smile® are potentially high fruit yielding genotypes, which present a high WUE and chemical characteristics compatible to the market requirements.