Access to jobs in the city of São Paulo: an approach by sectors and qualification of the activity

• Autor(a) principal: Duarte, Thiago Pereira
• Data de Publicação: 2024
• Outros Autores: Sartoris Neto, Alexandre, Carvalho, João Paulo
• Tipo de documento: Artigo
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Análise Econômica (Online)
• Texto Completo: https://seer.ufrgs.br/index.php/AnaliseEconomica/article/view/140258

Recent studies analyzing access to jobs have been adopted in the South American literature, indicating that inequalities in the supply of the transport system affect access to jobs. The present study is dedicated to exploring the occurrence of differences in the level of accessibility to jobs, considering different economic sectors and levels of competence, using the city of São Paulo as a case study, with data from the year 2019. Inequality in access is correlated with high levels of accessibility for high-income people and low levels of accessibility for low-income people. This is also related to other factors, such as lower life expectancy, basic sanitation and access to electricity. Recent research carried out in South America has innovated by bringing the issue to light with approaches and tools that estimate access rates for several Brazilian metropolises with high precision. However, most studies that evaluate inequality dynamics, using accessibility metrics, do not take into account different sectors of economic activity. On the contrary, this is a point commonly addressed in the literature on spatial mismatch. In this article, therefore, we seek to go a step further to contribute to the existing literature, adopting an access analysis that considers not only different economic sectors, but also different levels of competence in activities. A selection was made to evaluate how accessibility to jobs for the population of the city of São Paulo behaves in a scenario that incorporates these components. The study uses data on employment relationships from the Annual Social Information List (RAIS), which contains the location of formal jobs in the capital. Sectoral data comes from the National Classification of Economic Activities (CNAE), and information on worker qualifications comes from the Brazilian Classification of Occupations (CBO). To identify access patterns in different regions, the Moran Index is used, which allows visualizing spatial clusters based on access characteristics that stand out throughout the city. The results obtained demonstrate that the Moran Index can indicate, on certain occasions, a pattern of variability in the level of access between sectors and intra-sectors, but, in general, the pattern presented in the capital is homogeneous, especially highlighting the southern end. of the city due to low levels of access, regardless of the sector and level of competence of the economic activity to be accessed. Keywords: Access to Jobs. Spatial mismatch. Sectoral analysis.