Cortisol and development of depression in adolescence and young adulthood a systematic review and meta-analysis
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2022 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UFRGS |
Texto Completo: | http://hdl.handle.net/10183/242319 |
Resumo: | Introduction Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been implicated in the development of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adulthood. Less work has focused on the role of the HPA axis in depression in adolescence and young adulthood globally. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of worldwide research investigating the relationship between cortisol, a measure of HPA axis activity, and MDD in adolescence and young adulthood. Method We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science, Lilacs, African Journals Online, and Global Health for studies which examined the relationship between cortisol and MDD in global youth (10–24 years old). Results Twenty-six studies were included in the systematic review and 14 were eligible for the meta-analysis, but only one study included young adults in their sample. Results from the meta-analysis demonstrated that elevated morning, but not evening, cortisol levels was prospectively associated with later MDD development in adolescence and young adulthood. However, morning cortisol levels did not significantly differ between healthy controls and individuals with MDD in cross-sectional studies. Afternoon cortisol and cortisol stress response also did not differ between adolescents with MDD and healthy controls. Qualitative synthesis of the three studies examining nocturnal cortisol showed higher nocturnal cortisol was both longitudinally and cross-sectionally associated with MDD in adolescence. Conclusion Our findings suggest elevated morning cortisol precedes depression in adolescence. Despite this, we did not find any differences in other cortisol measures in association with MDD in cross-sectional studies. Taken together, these findings suggest that elevated morning and nocturnal cortisol are risk factors for depression in adolescence rather than a biomarker of existing MDD. This supports a role for the hyperactivity of the HPA axis in the development of MDD in adolescence. Most of the studies were from high-income-countries (HICs) and thus further work would need to be conducted in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to understand if our findings are generalisable also to these populations. |
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Zajkowska, ZuzannaGullet, NancyWalsh, AnnabelZonca, ValentinaPedersen, GloriaSouza, Laila Oliveira deKieling, Christian CostaFisher, Helen L.Kohrt, Brandon A.Mondelli, Valeria2022-07-13T04:53:11Z20220306-4530http://hdl.handle.net/10183/242319001143516Introduction Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been implicated in the development of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adulthood. Less work has focused on the role of the HPA axis in depression in adolescence and young adulthood globally. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of worldwide research investigating the relationship between cortisol, a measure of HPA axis activity, and MDD in adolescence and young adulthood. Method We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science, Lilacs, African Journals Online, and Global Health for studies which examined the relationship between cortisol and MDD in global youth (10–24 years old). Results Twenty-six studies were included in the systematic review and 14 were eligible for the meta-analysis, but only one study included young adults in their sample. Results from the meta-analysis demonstrated that elevated morning, but not evening, cortisol levels was prospectively associated with later MDD development in adolescence and young adulthood. However, morning cortisol levels did not significantly differ between healthy controls and individuals with MDD in cross-sectional studies. Afternoon cortisol and cortisol stress response also did not differ between adolescents with MDD and healthy controls. Qualitative synthesis of the three studies examining nocturnal cortisol showed higher nocturnal cortisol was both longitudinally and cross-sectionally associated with MDD in adolescence. Conclusion Our findings suggest elevated morning cortisol precedes depression in adolescence. Despite this, we did not find any differences in other cortisol measures in association with MDD in cross-sectional studies. Taken together, these findings suggest that elevated morning and nocturnal cortisol are risk factors for depression in adolescence rather than a biomarker of existing MDD. This supports a role for the hyperactivity of the HPA axis in the development of MDD in adolescence. Most of the studies were from high-income-countries (HICs) and thus further work would need to be conducted in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to understand if our findings are generalisable also to these populations.application/pdfengPsychoneuroendocrinology. New York. Vol. 136 (Feb. 2022), 105625DepressãoAdolescenteAdulto jovemHidrocortisonaTranstorno depressivo maiorSistema hipotálamo-hipofisárioDepressionAdolescenceCortisolHPA axisStressMajor depressive disorderCortisol and development of depression in adolescence and young adulthood a systematic review and meta-analysisEstrangeiroinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Repositório Institucional da UFRGSinstname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)instacron:UFRGSTEXT001143516.pdf.txt001143516.pdf.txtExtracted Texttext/plain0http://www.lume.ufrgs.br/bitstream/10183/242319/2/001143516.pdf.txtd41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427eMD52ORIGINAL001143516.pdfTexto completo (inglês)application/pdf5359114http://www.lume.ufrgs.br/bitstream/10183/242319/1/001143516.pdf78462c15fe4bf8908d0372692f96423aMD5110183/2423192022-07-14 04:55:50.627126oai:www.lume.ufrgs.br:10183/242319Repositório de PublicaçõesPUBhttps://lume.ufrgs.br/oai/requestopendoar:2022-07-14T07:55:50Repositório Institucional da UFRGS - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)false |
dc.title.pt_BR.fl_str_mv |
Cortisol and development of depression in adolescence and young adulthood a systematic review and meta-analysis |
title |
Cortisol and development of depression in adolescence and young adulthood a systematic review and meta-analysis |
spellingShingle |
Cortisol and development of depression in adolescence and young adulthood a systematic review and meta-analysis Zajkowska, Zuzanna Depressão Adolescente Adulto jovem Hidrocortisona Transtorno depressivo maior Sistema hipotálamo-hipofisário Depression Adolescence Cortisol HPA axis Stress Major depressive disorder |
title_short |
Cortisol and development of depression in adolescence and young adulthood a systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_full |
Cortisol and development of depression in adolescence and young adulthood a systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_fullStr |
Cortisol and development of depression in adolescence and young adulthood a systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Cortisol and development of depression in adolescence and young adulthood a systematic review and meta-analysis |
title_sort |
Cortisol and development of depression in adolescence and young adulthood a systematic review and meta-analysis |
author |
Zajkowska, Zuzanna |
author_facet |
Zajkowska, Zuzanna Gullet, Nancy Walsh, Annabel Zonca, Valentina Pedersen, Gloria Souza, Laila Oliveira de Kieling, Christian Costa Fisher, Helen L. Kohrt, Brandon A. Mondelli, Valeria |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Gullet, Nancy Walsh, Annabel Zonca, Valentina Pedersen, Gloria Souza, Laila Oliveira de Kieling, Christian Costa Fisher, Helen L. Kohrt, Brandon A. Mondelli, Valeria |
author2_role |
author author author author author author author author author |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Zajkowska, Zuzanna Gullet, Nancy Walsh, Annabel Zonca, Valentina Pedersen, Gloria Souza, Laila Oliveira de Kieling, Christian Costa Fisher, Helen L. Kohrt, Brandon A. Mondelli, Valeria |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Depressão Adolescente Adulto jovem Hidrocortisona Transtorno depressivo maior Sistema hipotálamo-hipofisário |
topic |
Depressão Adolescente Adulto jovem Hidrocortisona Transtorno depressivo maior Sistema hipotálamo-hipofisário Depression Adolescence Cortisol HPA axis Stress Major depressive disorder |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Depression Adolescence Cortisol HPA axis Stress Major depressive disorder |
description |
Introduction Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been implicated in the development of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adulthood. Less work has focused on the role of the HPA axis in depression in adolescence and young adulthood globally. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of worldwide research investigating the relationship between cortisol, a measure of HPA axis activity, and MDD in adolescence and young adulthood. Method We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science, Lilacs, African Journals Online, and Global Health for studies which examined the relationship between cortisol and MDD in global youth (10–24 years old). Results Twenty-six studies were included in the systematic review and 14 were eligible for the meta-analysis, but only one study included young adults in their sample. Results from the meta-analysis demonstrated that elevated morning, but not evening, cortisol levels was prospectively associated with later MDD development in adolescence and young adulthood. However, morning cortisol levels did not significantly differ between healthy controls and individuals with MDD in cross-sectional studies. Afternoon cortisol and cortisol stress response also did not differ between adolescents with MDD and healthy controls. Qualitative synthesis of the three studies examining nocturnal cortisol showed higher nocturnal cortisol was both longitudinally and cross-sectionally associated with MDD in adolescence. Conclusion Our findings suggest elevated morning cortisol precedes depression in adolescence. Despite this, we did not find any differences in other cortisol measures in association with MDD in cross-sectional studies. Taken together, these findings suggest that elevated morning and nocturnal cortisol are risk factors for depression in adolescence rather than a biomarker of existing MDD. This supports a role for the hyperactivity of the HPA axis in the development of MDD in adolescence. Most of the studies were from high-income-countries (HICs) and thus further work would need to be conducted in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to understand if our findings are generalisable also to these populations. |
publishDate |
2022 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
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2022 |
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Psychoneuroendocrinology. New York. Vol. 136 (Feb. 2022), 105625 |
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