Focalization: the use of evaluative adjectives and the narrator of the Iliad

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Canazart, Gabriela
Data de Publicação: 2018
Outros Autores: Werner, Christian
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: por
Título da fonte: Codex : Revista de Estudos Clássicos
Texto Completo: https://revistas.ufrj.br/index.php/CODEX/article/view/19284
Resumo: The main purpose of this paper is to investigate, applying narratology to early Greek hexameter poetry, moments when the primary narrator, in the pursuit of his activity as a focalizer, exposes his presence in the Iliad. In order to do this, we selected excerpts of the poem in which the narrator uses evaluative adjectives or establishes a difference between his own narration and the secondary ones by means of the filter he applies. We discuss evaluative adjectives that qualify the gods and humans and how they reveal a partial narrator who makes moral judgments about the gods, their objects and actions, and the humans. A second objective is to discuss the instance responsible for the narrative: divine, in view of the invocation of the Muse in the proem and in other moments of the poem, or human, in view of the traditional attribution of the singing to Homer.
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spelling Focalization: the use of evaluative adjectives and the narrator of the IliadA ação narrativa de focalizar: o uso de adjetivos avaliadores e o narrador da IlíadaClassical Studiesevaluative comments; focalizer; Iliad; primary narrator; oral epic Greek poetryLetras Clássicas; poesia épica; narratologiaadjetivos avaliadores; focalização; Ilíada; narrador primário; poesia grega épica oralThe main purpose of this paper is to investigate, applying narratology to early Greek hexameter poetry, moments when the primary narrator, in the pursuit of his activity as a focalizer, exposes his presence in the Iliad. In order to do this, we selected excerpts of the poem in which the narrator uses evaluative adjectives or establishes a difference between his own narration and the secondary ones by means of the filter he applies. We discuss evaluative adjectives that qualify the gods and humans and how they reveal a partial narrator who makes moral judgments about the gods, their objects and actions, and the humans. A second objective is to discuss the instance responsible for the narrative: divine, in view of the invocation of the Muse in the proem and in other moments of the poem, or human, in view of the traditional attribution of the singing to Homer.Esse artigo tem como principal objetivo investigar, por meio da narratologia aplicada à poesia grega épica oral, momentos em que o narrador primário, na execução de sua atividade de focalização, torna evidente sua presença na Ilíada. Para isso, selecionamos trechos do poema nos quais o narrador vale-se de adjetivos avaliadores ou, devido ao filtro que o narrador impõe, estabelece uma divergência entre sua narração e as secundárias. Discute-se nessa seleção os adjetivos avaliadores que qualificam o mundo dos deuses e dos humanos, tornando evidente um narrador parcial e que, portanto, faz juízos morais acerca dos deuses, seus objetos e ações e dos humanos. Um segundo objetivo, interligado, é discutir a instância responsável por essa narrativa, se divina, em vista da invocação à Musa no início do poema e em outros momentos, ou humana, em vista da atribuição tradicional do canto ao poeta Homero.Proaera-UFRJChristian WernerFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São PauloCanazart, GabrielaWerner, Christian2018-12-21info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionapplication/pdfhttps://revistas.ufrj.br/index.php/CODEX/article/view/1928410.25187/codex.v6i2.19284CODEX -- Revista de Estudos Clássicos; v. 6, n. 2 (2018); 17-39CODEX - Revista de Estudos Clássicos; v. 6, n. 2 (2018); 17-392176-177910.25187/codex.v6i2reponame:Codex : Revista de Estudos Clássicosinstname:Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)instacron:UFRJporhttps://revistas.ufrj.br/index.php/CODEX/article/view/19284/12547/*ref*/AUER, Peter; VON ESSEN, Gesa; FRICK, Werner (Ed.). Author and Narrator: Transdisciplinary Contributions to a Narratological Debate. Berlin, Munich, Boston: De Gruyter, 2015. BAKKER, Egbert. Pointing to the past: from formula to performance in Homeric poetics. Cambridge: Center for Hellenic Studies, 2005. BAL, Mieke. Narratology: introduction to the theory of narrative. 3. ed. Toronto: University Of Toronto Press, 2009. BOWIE, E. L.. Lies, Fiction and Slander in Early Greek Poetry. In: GILL, Christopher; WISEMAN, T.p. (Ed.). Lies and Fiction in the Ancient World. Texas: University Of Exeter Press, 1993. p. 1-37. BRANDÃO, Jacyntho Lins. Antiga Musa: (arqueologia da ficção). 2. ed. Belo Horizonte: Relicário, 2015. CUNLIFFE, Richard John. A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect. Norman: University Of Oklahoma Press, 1963. DE JONG, Irene J. F. A Narratological Commentary on the Odyssey. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. _________, Irene J. F. Homer. In: NÜNLIST, René; BOWIE, Angus M.; DE JONG, Irene J. F. (Ed.). Narrators, Narratees, and Narratives in Ancient Greek Literature: Studies in Ancient Greek Narratives. Netherlands: Brill, 2004b p. 13-24. _________, Irene J. F. Narratology and Classics: A Practical Guide. Oxford; Oxford University Press, 2014. _________, Irene J. F. Narrators and Focalizers: The Presentation of the Story in the Iliad. 2. ed. London: Bristol Classical Press, 2004a. FOLEY, John Miles. Oral Tradition and its implications. In: MORRIS, Ian; POWELL, Barry (Ed.). A New Companion to Homer. Leiden/New York/Koln: Brill, 1997. p. 146-173. GRAZIOSI, Barbara; HAUBOLD, Johannes. Homer: The Resonance of Epic. London: Bloomsbury, 2005. GRIFFIN, Jasper. Homeric Words and Speakers. The Journal Of Hellenic Studies, [s.l.], v. 106, p.36-57, nov. 1986. Cambridge University Press (CUP). http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/629641. HALLIWELL, Stephen. Between Ecstasy and Truth: Interpretations of Greek poetics from Homer to Longinus. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011. HOMERO. Ilíada. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2013. 721 p. Tradução de Frederico Lourenço. HOMERO. Odisseia. São Paulo: Cosac &Naify, 2014.640 p.Tradução de Christian Werner. HÜHN, Peter; PIER, John; SCHMID, Wolf (Ed.). Handbook of Narratology. Berlim, Boston: De Gruyter, 2009. KELLY, Adrian. A Referential Commentary and Lexicon to Homer, Iliad VIII. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007. LORD, Albert Bates. The Singer of Tales. New York: Harvard University Press, 1960. MALTA, André. A musa difusa: visões da oralidade nos poemas homéricos. São Paulo: AnnablumeClássica, 2015. MARTIN, Richard P..The language of Heroes: Speech and Performance in the Iliad. Ithaca/London: Cornell University Press, 1989. MURRAY, Penelope. Poetic inspiration in early Greece. The Journal Of Hellenic Studies, [s.l.], v. 101, p.87-100, nov. 1981. Cambridge University Press (CUP). http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/629846. NAGY, Gregory. Homer the classic. Washington DC.: Center for Hellenic Studies, 2009. _________, Gregory. Homer the preclassic. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2010. PARRY, Milman. The Making of Homeric Verse: The collected papers of Milman Parry. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971. REIS, Carlos; LOPES, Ana Cristina M. Dicionário de teoria da narrativa. São Paulo: Ática, 1988. RYAN, Marie-laure. Story-Discourse Distinction. In: HERMAN, David; JAHN, Manfred; RYAN, Marie-laure (Ed.). Routledge Encyclopedia of Narrative Theory. Oxfordshire: Routledge, 2005. p. 566-567. SCODEL, Ruth. The story-teller and his audience. In: FOWLER, Robert (Ed.). Cambridge Companion to Homer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. p. 45-55. VAN THIEL, H. Homeri Ilias. Hildesheim, Zürick, New York: Olms, 2010. VAN THIEL, H. Homeri Odyssea.Hildesheim: Olms, 1991. WERNER, Christian. Memórias da Guerra de Tróia: a performance do passado épico na Odisseia de Homero. São Paulo: Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra/Annablume Editora, 2018.Direitos autorais 2018 Gabriela Canazart, Christian Wernerhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2018-12-22T10:09:12Zoai:www.revistas.ufrj.br:article/19284Revistahttps://revistas.ufrj.br/index.php/CODEX/indexPUBhttps://revistas.ufrj.br/index.php/CODEX/oaicodex@letras.ufrj.br||codex@letras.ufrj.br||biadipaoli@gmail.com2176-17792176-1779opendoar:2018-12-22T10:09:12Codex : Revista de Estudos Clássicos - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)false
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Focalization: the use of evaluative adjectives and the narrator of the Iliad
A ação narrativa de focalizar: o uso de adjetivos avaliadores e o narrador da Ilíada
title Focalization: the use of evaluative adjectives and the narrator of the Iliad
spellingShingle Focalization: the use of evaluative adjectives and the narrator of the Iliad
Canazart, Gabriela
Classical Studies
evaluative comments; focalizer; Iliad; primary narrator; oral epic Greek poetry
Letras Clássicas; poesia épica; narratologia
adjetivos avaliadores; focalização; Ilíada; narrador primário; poesia grega épica oral
title_short Focalization: the use of evaluative adjectives and the narrator of the Iliad
title_full Focalization: the use of evaluative adjectives and the narrator of the Iliad
title_fullStr Focalization: the use of evaluative adjectives and the narrator of the Iliad
title_full_unstemmed Focalization: the use of evaluative adjectives and the narrator of the Iliad
title_sort Focalization: the use of evaluative adjectives and the narrator of the Iliad
author Canazart, Gabriela
author_facet Canazart, Gabriela
Werner, Christian
author_role author
author2 Werner, Christian
author2_role author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv
Christian Werner
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Canazart, Gabriela
Werner, Christian
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Classical Studies
evaluative comments; focalizer; Iliad; primary narrator; oral epic Greek poetry
Letras Clássicas; poesia épica; narratologia
adjetivos avaliadores; focalização; Ilíada; narrador primário; poesia grega épica oral
topic Classical Studies
evaluative comments; focalizer; Iliad; primary narrator; oral epic Greek poetry
Letras Clássicas; poesia épica; narratologia
adjetivos avaliadores; focalização; Ilíada; narrador primário; poesia grega épica oral
description The main purpose of this paper is to investigate, applying narratology to early Greek hexameter poetry, moments when the primary narrator, in the pursuit of his activity as a focalizer, exposes his presence in the Iliad. In order to do this, we selected excerpts of the poem in which the narrator uses evaluative adjectives or establishes a difference between his own narration and the secondary ones by means of the filter he applies. We discuss evaluative adjectives that qualify the gods and humans and how they reveal a partial narrator who makes moral judgments about the gods, their objects and actions, and the humans. A second objective is to discuss the instance responsible for the narrative: divine, in view of the invocation of the Muse in the proem and in other moments of the poem, or human, in view of the traditional attribution of the singing to Homer.
publishDate 2018
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2018-12-21
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv

dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv https://revistas.ufrj.br/index.php/CODEX/article/view/19284
10.25187/codex.v6i2.19284
url https://revistas.ufrj.br/index.php/CODEX/article/view/19284
identifier_str_mv 10.25187/codex.v6i2.19284
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv por
language por
dc.relation.none.fl_str_mv https://revistas.ufrj.br/index.php/CODEX/article/view/19284/12547
/*ref*/AUER, Peter; VON ESSEN, Gesa; FRICK, Werner (Ed.). Author and Narrator: Transdisciplinary Contributions to a Narratological Debate. Berlin, Munich, Boston: De Gruyter, 2015. BAKKER, Egbert. Pointing to the past: from formula to performance in Homeric poetics. Cambridge: Center for Hellenic Studies, 2005. BAL, Mieke. Narratology: introduction to the theory of narrative. 3. ed. Toronto: University Of Toronto Press, 2009. BOWIE, E. L.. Lies, Fiction and Slander in Early Greek Poetry. In: GILL, Christopher; WISEMAN, T.p. (Ed.). Lies and Fiction in the Ancient World. Texas: University Of Exeter Press, 1993. p. 1-37. BRANDÃO, Jacyntho Lins. Antiga Musa: (arqueologia da ficção). 2. ed. Belo Horizonte: Relicário, 2015. CUNLIFFE, Richard John. A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect. Norman: University Of Oklahoma Press, 1963. DE JONG, Irene J. F. A Narratological Commentary on the Odyssey. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. _________, Irene J. F. Homer. In: NÜNLIST, René; BOWIE, Angus M.; DE JONG, Irene J. F. (Ed.). Narrators, Narratees, and Narratives in Ancient Greek Literature: Studies in Ancient Greek Narratives. Netherlands: Brill, 2004b p. 13-24. _________, Irene J. F. Narratology and Classics: A Practical Guide. Oxford; Oxford University Press, 2014. _________, Irene J. F. Narrators and Focalizers: The Presentation of the Story in the Iliad. 2. ed. London: Bristol Classical Press, 2004a. FOLEY, John Miles. Oral Tradition and its implications. In: MORRIS, Ian; POWELL, Barry (Ed.). A New Companion to Homer. Leiden/New York/Koln: Brill, 1997. p. 146-173. GRAZIOSI, Barbara; HAUBOLD, Johannes. Homer: The Resonance of Epic. London: Bloomsbury, 2005. GRIFFIN, Jasper. Homeric Words and Speakers. The Journal Of Hellenic Studies, [s.l.], v. 106, p.36-57, nov. 1986. Cambridge University Press (CUP). http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/629641. HALLIWELL, Stephen. Between Ecstasy and Truth: Interpretations of Greek poetics from Homer to Longinus. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011. HOMERO. Ilíada. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2013. 721 p. Tradução de Frederico Lourenço. HOMERO. Odisseia. São Paulo: Cosac &Naify, 2014.640 p.Tradução de Christian Werner. HÜHN, Peter; PIER, John; SCHMID, Wolf (Ed.). Handbook of Narratology. Berlim, Boston: De Gruyter, 2009. KELLY, Adrian. A Referential Commentary and Lexicon to Homer, Iliad VIII. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007. LORD, Albert Bates. The Singer of Tales. New York: Harvard University Press, 1960. MALTA, André. A musa difusa: visões da oralidade nos poemas homéricos. São Paulo: AnnablumeClássica, 2015. MARTIN, Richard P..The language of Heroes: Speech and Performance in the Iliad. Ithaca/London: Cornell University Press, 1989. MURRAY, Penelope. Poetic inspiration in early Greece. The Journal Of Hellenic Studies, [s.l.], v. 101, p.87-100, nov. 1981. Cambridge University Press (CUP). http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/629846. NAGY, Gregory. Homer the classic. Washington DC.: Center for Hellenic Studies, 2009. _________, Gregory. Homer the preclassic. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2010. PARRY, Milman. The Making of Homeric Verse: The collected papers of Milman Parry. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971. REIS, Carlos; LOPES, Ana Cristina M. Dicionário de teoria da narrativa. São Paulo: Ática, 1988. RYAN, Marie-laure. Story-Discourse Distinction. In: HERMAN, David; JAHN, Manfred; RYAN, Marie-laure (Ed.). Routledge Encyclopedia of Narrative Theory. Oxfordshire: Routledge, 2005. p. 566-567. SCODEL, Ruth. The story-teller and his audience. In: FOWLER, Robert (Ed.). Cambridge Companion to Homer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. p. 45-55. VAN THIEL, H. Homeri Ilias. Hildesheim, Zürick, New York: Olms, 2010. VAN THIEL, H. Homeri Odyssea.Hildesheim: Olms, 1991. WERNER, Christian. Memórias da Guerra de Tróia: a performance do passado épico na Odisseia de Homero. São Paulo: Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra/Annablume Editora, 2018.
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv Direitos autorais 2018 Gabriela Canazart, Christian Werner
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
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rights_invalid_str_mv Direitos autorais 2018 Gabriela Canazart, Christian Werner
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
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CODEX - Revista de Estudos Clássicos; v. 6, n. 2 (2018); 17-39
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