The effect of lockdown on the outcomes of COVID-19 in Spain: an ecological study

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Souza, Dyego Leandro Bezerra de
Data de Publicação: 2020
Outros Autores: Siqueira, Camila Alves dos Santos, Freitas, Yan Nogueira Leite de, Cancela, Marianna de Camargo, Carvalho, Monica, Fabregas, Albert Oliveras
Tipo de documento: Artigo
Idioma: eng
Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFRN
Texto Completo: https://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/54942
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236779
Resumo: It is paramount to expand the knowledge base and minimize the consequences of the pandemic caused by the new Coronavirus (SARS-Cov2). Spain is among the most affected countries that declared a countrywide lockdown. An ecological study is presented herein, assessing the trends for incidence, mortality, hospitalizations, Intensive Care Unit admissions, and recoveries per autonomous community in Spain. Trends were evaluated by the Joinpoint software. The timeframe employed was when the lockdown was declared on March 14, 2020. Daily percentage changes were also calculated, with CI = 95% and p<0.05. An increase was detected, followed by reduction, for the evaluated indicators in most of the communities. Approximately 18.33 days were required for the mortality rates to decrease. The highest mortality rate was verified in Madrid (118.89 per 100,000 inhabitants) and the lowest in Melilla (2.31). The highest daily percentage increase in mortality occurred in Catalonia. Decreasing trends were identified after approximately two weeks of the institution of the lockdown by the government. Immediately the lockdown was declared, an increase of up to 33.96% deaths per day was verified in Catalonia. In contrast, Ceuta and Melilla presented significantly lower rates because they were still at the early stages of the pandemic at the moment of lockdown. The findings presented herein emphasize the importance of early and assertive decision-making to contain the pandemic
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spelling Souza, Dyego Leandro Bezerra deSiqueira, Camila Alves dos SantosFreitas, Yan Nogueira Leite deCancela, Marianna de CamargoCarvalho, MonicaFabregas, Albert Oliverashttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8426-31202023-10-09T19:01:56Z2023-10-09T19:01:56Z2020SOUZA, Dyego Leandro Bezerra de; SIQUEIRA, Camila Alves dos Santos; FREITAS, Yan Nogueira Leite de; CANCELA, Marianna de Camargo; CARVALHO, Monica; OLIVERAS-FABREGAS, Albert. The effect of lockdown on the outcomes of COVID-19 in Spain: an ecological study. Plos One, [S.L.], v. 15, n. 7, p. 0236779, 29 jul. 2020. Public Library of Science (PLoS). http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236779. Disponível em: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0236779. Acesso em: 06 set. 2023.https://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/54942https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236779Plos OneAttribution 3.0 Brazilhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/br/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessCOVID-19lockdownecological studyThe effect of lockdown on the outcomes of COVID-19 in Spain: an ecological studyinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleIt is paramount to expand the knowledge base and minimize the consequences of the pandemic caused by the new Coronavirus (SARS-Cov2). Spain is among the most affected countries that declared a countrywide lockdown. An ecological study is presented herein, assessing the trends for incidence, mortality, hospitalizations, Intensive Care Unit admissions, and recoveries per autonomous community in Spain. Trends were evaluated by the Joinpoint software. The timeframe employed was when the lockdown was declared on March 14, 2020. Daily percentage changes were also calculated, with CI = 95% and p<0.05. An increase was detected, followed by reduction, for the evaluated indicators in most of the communities. Approximately 18.33 days were required for the mortality rates to decrease. The highest mortality rate was verified in Madrid (118.89 per 100,000 inhabitants) and the lowest in Melilla (2.31). The highest daily percentage increase in mortality occurred in Catalonia. Decreasing trends were identified after approximately two weeks of the institution of the lockdown by the government. Immediately the lockdown was declared, an increase of up to 33.96% deaths per day was verified in Catalonia. In contrast, Ceuta and Melilla presented significantly lower rates because they were still at the early stages of the pandemic at the moment of lockdown. The findings presented herein emphasize the importance of early and assertive decision-making to contain the pandemicengreponame:Repositório Institucional da UFRNinstname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN)instacron:UFRNORIGINALLockdownOutcomesCovid19_Souza_2020.pdfLockdownOutcomesCovid19_Souza_2020.pdfapplication/pdf1543380https://repositorio.ufrn.br/bitstream/123456789/54942/1/LockdownOutcomesCovid19_Souza_2020.pdf704b8888ea512164e69fdb3eda595326MD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8914https://repositorio.ufrn.br/bitstream/123456789/54942/2/license_rdf4d2950bda3d176f570a9f8b328dfbbefMD52LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81484https://repositorio.ufrn.br/bitstream/123456789/54942/3/license.txte9597aa2854d128fd968be5edc8a28d9MD53123456789/549422023-10-09 16:01:57.368oai:https://repositorio.ufrn.br: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Repositório de PublicaçõesPUBhttp://repositorio.ufrn.br/oai/opendoar:2023-10-09T19:01:57Repositório Institucional da UFRN - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN)false
dc.title.pt_BR.fl_str_mv The effect of lockdown on the outcomes of COVID-19 in Spain: an ecological study
title The effect of lockdown on the outcomes of COVID-19 in Spain: an ecological study
spellingShingle The effect of lockdown on the outcomes of COVID-19 in Spain: an ecological study
Souza, Dyego Leandro Bezerra de
COVID-19
lockdown
ecological study
title_short The effect of lockdown on the outcomes of COVID-19 in Spain: an ecological study
title_full The effect of lockdown on the outcomes of COVID-19 in Spain: an ecological study
title_fullStr The effect of lockdown on the outcomes of COVID-19 in Spain: an ecological study
title_full_unstemmed The effect of lockdown on the outcomes of COVID-19 in Spain: an ecological study
title_sort The effect of lockdown on the outcomes of COVID-19 in Spain: an ecological study
author Souza, Dyego Leandro Bezerra de
author_facet Souza, Dyego Leandro Bezerra de
Siqueira, Camila Alves dos Santos
Freitas, Yan Nogueira Leite de
Cancela, Marianna de Camargo
Carvalho, Monica
Fabregas, Albert Oliveras
author_role author
author2 Siqueira, Camila Alves dos Santos
Freitas, Yan Nogueira Leite de
Cancela, Marianna de Camargo
Carvalho, Monica
Fabregas, Albert Oliveras
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.authorID.pt_BR.fl_str_mv https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8426-3120
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Souza, Dyego Leandro Bezerra de
Siqueira, Camila Alves dos Santos
Freitas, Yan Nogueira Leite de
Cancela, Marianna de Camargo
Carvalho, Monica
Fabregas, Albert Oliveras
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv COVID-19
lockdown
ecological study
topic COVID-19
lockdown
ecological study
description It is paramount to expand the knowledge base and minimize the consequences of the pandemic caused by the new Coronavirus (SARS-Cov2). Spain is among the most affected countries that declared a countrywide lockdown. An ecological study is presented herein, assessing the trends for incidence, mortality, hospitalizations, Intensive Care Unit admissions, and recoveries per autonomous community in Spain. Trends were evaluated by the Joinpoint software. The timeframe employed was when the lockdown was declared on March 14, 2020. Daily percentage changes were also calculated, with CI = 95% and p<0.05. An increase was detected, followed by reduction, for the evaluated indicators in most of the communities. Approximately 18.33 days were required for the mortality rates to decrease. The highest mortality rate was verified in Madrid (118.89 per 100,000 inhabitants) and the lowest in Melilla (2.31). The highest daily percentage increase in mortality occurred in Catalonia. Decreasing trends were identified after approximately two weeks of the institution of the lockdown by the government. Immediately the lockdown was declared, an increase of up to 33.96% deaths per day was verified in Catalonia. In contrast, Ceuta and Melilla presented significantly lower rates because they were still at the early stages of the pandemic at the moment of lockdown. The findings presented herein emphasize the importance of early and assertive decision-making to contain the pandemic
publishDate 2020
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv 2020
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv 2023-10-09T19:01:56Z
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv 2023-10-09T19:01:56Z
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv SOUZA, Dyego Leandro Bezerra de; SIQUEIRA, Camila Alves dos Santos; FREITAS, Yan Nogueira Leite de; CANCELA, Marianna de Camargo; CARVALHO, Monica; OLIVERAS-FABREGAS, Albert. The effect of lockdown on the outcomes of COVID-19 in Spain: an ecological study. Plos One, [S.L.], v. 15, n. 7, p. 0236779, 29 jul. 2020. Public Library of Science (PLoS). http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236779. Disponível em: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0236779. Acesso em: 06 set. 2023.
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/54942
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236779
identifier_str_mv SOUZA, Dyego Leandro Bezerra de; SIQUEIRA, Camila Alves dos Santos; FREITAS, Yan Nogueira Leite de; CANCELA, Marianna de Camargo; CARVALHO, Monica; OLIVERAS-FABREGAS, Albert. The effect of lockdown on the outcomes of COVID-19 in Spain: an ecological study. Plos One, [S.L.], v. 15, n. 7, p. 0236779, 29 jul. 2020. Public Library of Science (PLoS). http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236779. Disponível em: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0236779. Acesso em: 06 set. 2023.
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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236779
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