The effect of lockdown on the outcomes of COVID-19 in Spain: an ecological study
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2020 |
Outros Autores: | , , , , |
Tipo de documento: | Artigo |
Idioma: | eng |
Título da fonte: | Repositório Institucional da UFRN |
Texto Completo: | https://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/54942 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236779 |
Resumo: | It is paramount to expand the knowledge base and minimize the consequences of the pandemic caused by the new Coronavirus (SARS-Cov2). Spain is among the most affected countries that declared a countrywide lockdown. An ecological study is presented herein, assessing the trends for incidence, mortality, hospitalizations, Intensive Care Unit admissions, and recoveries per autonomous community in Spain. Trends were evaluated by the Joinpoint software. The timeframe employed was when the lockdown was declared on March 14, 2020. Daily percentage changes were also calculated, with CI = 95% and p<0.05. An increase was detected, followed by reduction, for the evaluated indicators in most of the communities. Approximately 18.33 days were required for the mortality rates to decrease. The highest mortality rate was verified in Madrid (118.89 per 100,000 inhabitants) and the lowest in Melilla (2.31). The highest daily percentage increase in mortality occurred in Catalonia. Decreasing trends were identified after approximately two weeks of the institution of the lockdown by the government. Immediately the lockdown was declared, an increase of up to 33.96% deaths per day was verified in Catalonia. In contrast, Ceuta and Melilla presented significantly lower rates because they were still at the early stages of the pandemic at the moment of lockdown. The findings presented herein emphasize the importance of early and assertive decision-making to contain the pandemic |
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Souza, Dyego Leandro Bezerra deSiqueira, Camila Alves dos SantosFreitas, Yan Nogueira Leite deCancela, Marianna de CamargoCarvalho, MonicaFabregas, Albert Oliverashttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8426-31202023-10-09T19:01:56Z2023-10-09T19:01:56Z2020SOUZA, Dyego Leandro Bezerra de; SIQUEIRA, Camila Alves dos Santos; FREITAS, Yan Nogueira Leite de; CANCELA, Marianna de Camargo; CARVALHO, Monica; OLIVERAS-FABREGAS, Albert. The effect of lockdown on the outcomes of COVID-19 in Spain: an ecological study. Plos One, [S.L.], v. 15, n. 7, p. 0236779, 29 jul. 2020. Public Library of Science (PLoS). http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236779. Disponível em: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0236779. Acesso em: 06 set. 2023.https://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/54942https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236779Plos OneAttribution 3.0 Brazilhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/br/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessCOVID-19lockdownecological studyThe effect of lockdown on the outcomes of COVID-19 in Spain: an ecological studyinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleIt is paramount to expand the knowledge base and minimize the consequences of the pandemic caused by the new Coronavirus (SARS-Cov2). Spain is among the most affected countries that declared a countrywide lockdown. An ecological study is presented herein, assessing the trends for incidence, mortality, hospitalizations, Intensive Care Unit admissions, and recoveries per autonomous community in Spain. Trends were evaluated by the Joinpoint software. The timeframe employed was when the lockdown was declared on March 14, 2020. Daily percentage changes were also calculated, with CI = 95% and p<0.05. An increase was detected, followed by reduction, for the evaluated indicators in most of the communities. Approximately 18.33 days were required for the mortality rates to decrease. The highest mortality rate was verified in Madrid (118.89 per 100,000 inhabitants) and the lowest in Melilla (2.31). The highest daily percentage increase in mortality occurred in Catalonia. Decreasing trends were identified after approximately two weeks of the institution of the lockdown by the government. Immediately the lockdown was declared, an increase of up to 33.96% deaths per day was verified in Catalonia. In contrast, Ceuta and Melilla presented significantly lower rates because they were still at the early stages of the pandemic at the moment of lockdown. The findings presented herein emphasize the importance of early and assertive decision-making to contain the pandemicengreponame:Repositório Institucional da UFRNinstname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN)instacron:UFRNORIGINALLockdownOutcomesCovid19_Souza_2020.pdfLockdownOutcomesCovid19_Souza_2020.pdfapplication/pdf1543380https://repositorio.ufrn.br/bitstream/123456789/54942/1/LockdownOutcomesCovid19_Souza_2020.pdf704b8888ea512164e69fdb3eda595326MD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8914https://repositorio.ufrn.br/bitstream/123456789/54942/2/license_rdf4d2950bda3d176f570a9f8b328dfbbefMD52LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81484https://repositorio.ufrn.br/bitstream/123456789/54942/3/license.txte9597aa2854d128fd968be5edc8a28d9MD53123456789/549422023-10-09 16:01:57.368oai:https://repositorio.ufrn.br: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Repositório de PublicaçõesPUBhttp://repositorio.ufrn.br/oai/opendoar:2023-10-09T19:01:57Repositório Institucional da UFRN - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN)false |
dc.title.pt_BR.fl_str_mv |
The effect of lockdown on the outcomes of COVID-19 in Spain: an ecological study |
title |
The effect of lockdown on the outcomes of COVID-19 in Spain: an ecological study |
spellingShingle |
The effect of lockdown on the outcomes of COVID-19 in Spain: an ecological study Souza, Dyego Leandro Bezerra de COVID-19 lockdown ecological study |
title_short |
The effect of lockdown on the outcomes of COVID-19 in Spain: an ecological study |
title_full |
The effect of lockdown on the outcomes of COVID-19 in Spain: an ecological study |
title_fullStr |
The effect of lockdown on the outcomes of COVID-19 in Spain: an ecological study |
title_full_unstemmed |
The effect of lockdown on the outcomes of COVID-19 in Spain: an ecological study |
title_sort |
The effect of lockdown on the outcomes of COVID-19 in Spain: an ecological study |
author |
Souza, Dyego Leandro Bezerra de |
author_facet |
Souza, Dyego Leandro Bezerra de Siqueira, Camila Alves dos Santos Freitas, Yan Nogueira Leite de Cancela, Marianna de Camargo Carvalho, Monica Fabregas, Albert Oliveras |
author_role |
author |
author2 |
Siqueira, Camila Alves dos Santos Freitas, Yan Nogueira Leite de Cancela, Marianna de Camargo Carvalho, Monica Fabregas, Albert Oliveras |
author2_role |
author author author author author |
dc.contributor.authorID.pt_BR.fl_str_mv |
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8426-3120 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Souza, Dyego Leandro Bezerra de Siqueira, Camila Alves dos Santos Freitas, Yan Nogueira Leite de Cancela, Marianna de Camargo Carvalho, Monica Fabregas, Albert Oliveras |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
COVID-19 lockdown ecological study |
topic |
COVID-19 lockdown ecological study |
description |
It is paramount to expand the knowledge base and minimize the consequences of the pandemic caused by the new Coronavirus (SARS-Cov2). Spain is among the most affected countries that declared a countrywide lockdown. An ecological study is presented herein, assessing the trends for incidence, mortality, hospitalizations, Intensive Care Unit admissions, and recoveries per autonomous community in Spain. Trends were evaluated by the Joinpoint software. The timeframe employed was when the lockdown was declared on March 14, 2020. Daily percentage changes were also calculated, with CI = 95% and p<0.05. An increase was detected, followed by reduction, for the evaluated indicators in most of the communities. Approximately 18.33 days were required for the mortality rates to decrease. The highest mortality rate was verified in Madrid (118.89 per 100,000 inhabitants) and the lowest in Melilla (2.31). The highest daily percentage increase in mortality occurred in Catalonia. Decreasing trends were identified after approximately two weeks of the institution of the lockdown by the government. Immediately the lockdown was declared, an increase of up to 33.96% deaths per day was verified in Catalonia. In contrast, Ceuta and Melilla presented significantly lower rates because they were still at the early stages of the pandemic at the moment of lockdown. The findings presented herein emphasize the importance of early and assertive decision-making to contain the pandemic |
publishDate |
2020 |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2020 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2023-10-09T19:01:56Z |
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv |
2023-10-09T19:01:56Z |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
format |
article |
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publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv |
SOUZA, Dyego Leandro Bezerra de; SIQUEIRA, Camila Alves dos Santos; FREITAS, Yan Nogueira Leite de; CANCELA, Marianna de Camargo; CARVALHO, Monica; OLIVERAS-FABREGAS, Albert. The effect of lockdown on the outcomes of COVID-19 in Spain: an ecological study. Plos One, [S.L.], v. 15, n. 7, p. 0236779, 29 jul. 2020. Public Library of Science (PLoS). http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236779. Disponível em: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0236779. Acesso em: 06 set. 2023. |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/54942 |
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236779 |
identifier_str_mv |
SOUZA, Dyego Leandro Bezerra de; SIQUEIRA, Camila Alves dos Santos; FREITAS, Yan Nogueira Leite de; CANCELA, Marianna de Camargo; CARVALHO, Monica; OLIVERAS-FABREGAS, Albert. The effect of lockdown on the outcomes of COVID-19 in Spain: an ecological study. Plos One, [S.L.], v. 15, n. 7, p. 0236779, 29 jul. 2020. Public Library of Science (PLoS). http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236779. Disponível em: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0236779. Acesso em: 06 set. 2023. |
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https://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/54942 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236779 |
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