Estudos anatômicos, ultraestruturais e topoquímicos do lenho de seringueiras provenientes de floresta natural

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Ramos, Letícia Maria Alves
Data de Publicação: 2018
Tipo de documento: Tese
Idioma: por
Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ
Texto Completo: https://rima.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/20.500.14407/9338
Resumo: O lenho de reação nas angiospermas caracteriza-se principalmente pela presença de fibras gelatinosas, que são fibras diferenciadas com uma camada interior espessa e altamente celulósica, conhecida como camada gelatinosa. A presença e severidade do lenho de reação pode ser influenciada pelo estímulo gravitacional quando a árvore tem seus ramos e tronco desviados de seu eixo natural, como em terrenos acidentados, ação de fortes ventos, indução artificial, injúrias, entre outros. No caso da seringueira, é possível que a atividade exploratória do látex possa influenciar na atividade do câmbio e, consequentemente, na formação desse tipo de fibras. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar indivíduos de Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Mull. Arg. a fim de caracterizar a estrutura do lenho de árvores nativas que passaram por exploração de látex, bem como caracterizar a química e distribuição de lignina, e ultraestrutura da parede celular de fibras gelatinosas. Para tanto, foram coletadas amostras do xilema de indivíduos de seringueira na Fazenda Experimental de Catuaba, localizada em Senador Guiomard – AC (67.62711 O; 10.08433 S). Na caracterização anatômica, foram avaliados o comprimento das fibras (não-gelatinosas e gelatinosas); diâmetro total e diâmetro do lume de fibras não-gelatinosas; diâmetro e frequência dos elementos de vaso; largura, altura e frequência de raios e a proporção de tecidos. Foram observadas diferenças entre a estrutura anatômica de árvores exploradas e não-exploradas às características quantitativas. Apenas as variáveis comprimento de fibra gelatinosa; diâmetro do lume das fibras; frequência de raios, e proporção de elementos de vaso e raios não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas significativas. As observações mais importantes foram o aumento da largura e altura de raios nas árvores extraídas, bem como as maiores proporções de fibras gelatinosas nas árvores não-extraídas. Para a análise da ultraestrutura da parede celular das fibras, foram utilizados microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET), os quais revelaram que as fibras não-gelatinosas apresentam a típica configuração P + S1 +S2 + S3, enquanto as fibras gelatinosas apresentaram a configuração P + S1 +S2 + G, com a camada G apresentando estrutura lamelada. A análise química procedeu-se com testes histoquímicos de Wiesner e Mäule, e microespectroscopia por transformada de Fourier (FT-IR). O teste de Wiesner, pela coloração apresentada, mostrou indícios de um menor teor de lignina no material. A camada gelatinosa G não corou, indicando nenhuma ou muito pouca lignificação nesta porção da parede. O teste de Mäule revelou a presença de unidades guaiacil (G) na lignina, resultado que se alinhou com a análise FT-IR. Os espectros mostraram maiores intensidades para as bandas referentes às unidades G nas fibras gelatinosas que nas fibras não-gelatinosas. A relação S/G indicou que as unidades G e unidades S da lignina apresentam proporções parecidas, diferentemente do encontrado na literatura para essa espécie.
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spelling Ramos, Letícia Maria AlvesLatorraca, João Vicente de Figueiredo284.741.551-34http://lattes.cnpq.br/9612404360795583Lima, Helena Regina Pinto82316058787http://lattes.cnpq.br/4257528232125062Latorraca, João Vicente de FigueiredoCarvalho, Alexandre Monteiro deHüther, Cristina MollBaraúna, Edy Eime PereiraAlves, Rejane Costa117.927.817-84http://lattes.cnpq.br/83209260339012442023-12-21T18:38:03Z2023-12-21T18:38:03Z2018-02-23RAMOS, Letícia Maria Alves. Estudos anatômicos, ultraestruturais e topoquímicos do lenho de seringueiras provenientes de floresta natural. 2018. 49 f.. Tese( Doutorado em Ciências Ambientais e Florestais) - Instituto de Florestas, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro,Seropédica-RJ, 2018. .https://rima.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/20.500.14407/9338O lenho de reação nas angiospermas caracteriza-se principalmente pela presença de fibras gelatinosas, que são fibras diferenciadas com uma camada interior espessa e altamente celulósica, conhecida como camada gelatinosa. A presença e severidade do lenho de reação pode ser influenciada pelo estímulo gravitacional quando a árvore tem seus ramos e tronco desviados de seu eixo natural, como em terrenos acidentados, ação de fortes ventos, indução artificial, injúrias, entre outros. No caso da seringueira, é possível que a atividade exploratória do látex possa influenciar na atividade do câmbio e, consequentemente, na formação desse tipo de fibras. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar indivíduos de Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Mull. Arg. a fim de caracterizar a estrutura do lenho de árvores nativas que passaram por exploração de látex, bem como caracterizar a química e distribuição de lignina, e ultraestrutura da parede celular de fibras gelatinosas. Para tanto, foram coletadas amostras do xilema de indivíduos de seringueira na Fazenda Experimental de Catuaba, localizada em Senador Guiomard – AC (67.62711 O; 10.08433 S). Na caracterização anatômica, foram avaliados o comprimento das fibras (não-gelatinosas e gelatinosas); diâmetro total e diâmetro do lume de fibras não-gelatinosas; diâmetro e frequência dos elementos de vaso; largura, altura e frequência de raios e a proporção de tecidos. Foram observadas diferenças entre a estrutura anatômica de árvores exploradas e não-exploradas às características quantitativas. Apenas as variáveis comprimento de fibra gelatinosa; diâmetro do lume das fibras; frequência de raios, e proporção de elementos de vaso e raios não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas significativas. As observações mais importantes foram o aumento da largura e altura de raios nas árvores extraídas, bem como as maiores proporções de fibras gelatinosas nas árvores não-extraídas. Para a análise da ultraestrutura da parede celular das fibras, foram utilizados microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET), os quais revelaram que as fibras não-gelatinosas apresentam a típica configuração P + S1 +S2 + S3, enquanto as fibras gelatinosas apresentaram a configuração P + S1 +S2 + G, com a camada G apresentando estrutura lamelada. A análise química procedeu-se com testes histoquímicos de Wiesner e Mäule, e microespectroscopia por transformada de Fourier (FT-IR). O teste de Wiesner, pela coloração apresentada, mostrou indícios de um menor teor de lignina no material. A camada gelatinosa G não corou, indicando nenhuma ou muito pouca lignificação nesta porção da parede. O teste de Mäule revelou a presença de unidades guaiacil (G) na lignina, resultado que se alinhou com a análise FT-IR. Os espectros mostraram maiores intensidades para as bandas referentes às unidades G nas fibras gelatinosas que nas fibras não-gelatinosas. A relação S/G indicou que as unidades G e unidades S da lignina apresentam proporções parecidas, diferentemente do encontrado na literatura para essa espécie.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESThe reaction wood in the angiosperms is characterized primarily by the presence of gelatinous fibers, which are differentiated fibers with a thick and highly cellulosic inner layer, known as tgelatinous layer. The presence and severity of the reaction wood can be influenced by the gravitational stimulus when the tree has its branches and trunk deviated from its natural axis, as in slopes, action of strong winds, artificial induction, injuries, and others. In the case of rubbertree, it is possible that the latex tapping may influence the cambium activity, leading to the formation of this type of fibers. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Mull. Arg. trees in order to characterize the wood structure of native trees that have passed through latex exploitation, as well as characterize the chemistry and distribution of lignin, and ultrastructure of the gelatinous fibers cell wall. For this purpose, samples of xylem were collected from rubbertrees at the Fazenda Experimental Catuaba, located in Senador Guiomard - AC (67.62711 W; 10.08433 S). In the anatomical characterization, fiber length (non-gelatinous and gelatinous); total diameter and lume diameter of non-gelatinous fibers; diameter and frequency of vessel elements; width, height and frequency of rays and tissue proportion were evaluated. Differences were observed between the anatomical structure of tapped and untapped trees to the quantitative characteristics. Only gelatinous fiber length; fiber lumen diameter; frequency of rays, and proportion of vessel elements and rays did not show significant statistical differences. The most important observations were the increase of ray width and height in the tapped trees, as well as the greater proportions of gelatinous fibers in the untraped ones. For the observation of the fiber cell wall ultrastructure, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used, which revealed that the non-gelatinous fibers present the typical configuration P + S1 + S2 + S3, while the gelatinous fibers presented the configuration P + S1 + S2 + G, in wich G layer presented a lamellar structure. The chemical analysis was performed by histochemical tests of Wiesner and Mäule, and Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (FT-IR). The staining presented in Wiesner test showed evidence of a lower lignin contente. The gelatinous layer G did not stain, indicating none or insignificant lignification in this portion of the wall. The Mäule test revealed the presence of guaiacil (G) units in the lignin, a result that was aligned with the FT-IR analysis. The spectra showed higher intensities for the bands assigned to G units in the gelatinous fibers than observed in non-gelatinous fibers. 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dc.title.por.fl_str_mv Estudos anatômicos, ultraestruturais e topoquímicos do lenho de seringueiras provenientes de floresta natural
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv Anatomical, ultrastructural and topochemical studies of rubber trees from natural forest
title Estudos anatômicos, ultraestruturais e topoquímicos do lenho de seringueiras provenientes de floresta natural
spellingShingle Estudos anatômicos, ultraestruturais e topoquímicos do lenho de seringueiras provenientes de floresta natural
Ramos, Letícia Maria Alves
Hevea brasiliensis
fibras gelatinosas
parede celular
lignina
Hevea
gelatinous fibers
cell wall
lignin
Recursos Florestais e Engenharia Florestal
title_short Estudos anatômicos, ultraestruturais e topoquímicos do lenho de seringueiras provenientes de floresta natural
title_full Estudos anatômicos, ultraestruturais e topoquímicos do lenho de seringueiras provenientes de floresta natural
title_fullStr Estudos anatômicos, ultraestruturais e topoquímicos do lenho de seringueiras provenientes de floresta natural
title_full_unstemmed Estudos anatômicos, ultraestruturais e topoquímicos do lenho de seringueiras provenientes de floresta natural
title_sort Estudos anatômicos, ultraestruturais e topoquímicos do lenho de seringueiras provenientes de floresta natural
author Ramos, Letícia Maria Alves
author_facet Ramos, Letícia Maria Alves
author_role author
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Ramos, Letícia Maria Alves
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv Latorraca, João Vicente de Figueiredo
dc.contributor.advisor1ID.fl_str_mv 284.741.551-34
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv http://lattes.cnpq.br/9612404360795583
dc.contributor.advisor-co1.fl_str_mv Lima, Helena Regina Pinto
dc.contributor.advisor-co1ID.fl_str_mv 82316058787
dc.contributor.advisor-co1Lattes.fl_str_mv http://lattes.cnpq.br/4257528232125062
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv Latorraca, João Vicente de Figueiredo
dc.contributor.referee2.fl_str_mv Carvalho, Alexandre Monteiro de
dc.contributor.referee3.fl_str_mv Hüther, Cristina Moll
dc.contributor.referee4.fl_str_mv Baraúna, Edy Eime Pereira
dc.contributor.referee5.fl_str_mv Alves, Rejane Costa
dc.contributor.authorID.fl_str_mv 117.927.817-84
dc.contributor.authorLattes.fl_str_mv http://lattes.cnpq.br/8320926033901244
contributor_str_mv Latorraca, João Vicente de Figueiredo
Lima, Helena Regina Pinto
Latorraca, João Vicente de Figueiredo
Carvalho, Alexandre Monteiro de
Hüther, Cristina Moll
Baraúna, Edy Eime Pereira
Alves, Rejane Costa
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Hevea brasiliensis
fibras gelatinosas
parede celular
lignina
topic Hevea brasiliensis
fibras gelatinosas
parede celular
lignina
Hevea
gelatinous fibers
cell wall
lignin
Recursos Florestais e Engenharia Florestal
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv Hevea
gelatinous fibers
cell wall
lignin
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv Recursos Florestais e Engenharia Florestal
description O lenho de reação nas angiospermas caracteriza-se principalmente pela presença de fibras gelatinosas, que são fibras diferenciadas com uma camada interior espessa e altamente celulósica, conhecida como camada gelatinosa. A presença e severidade do lenho de reação pode ser influenciada pelo estímulo gravitacional quando a árvore tem seus ramos e tronco desviados de seu eixo natural, como em terrenos acidentados, ação de fortes ventos, indução artificial, injúrias, entre outros. No caso da seringueira, é possível que a atividade exploratória do látex possa influenciar na atividade do câmbio e, consequentemente, na formação desse tipo de fibras. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar indivíduos de Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Mull. Arg. a fim de caracterizar a estrutura do lenho de árvores nativas que passaram por exploração de látex, bem como caracterizar a química e distribuição de lignina, e ultraestrutura da parede celular de fibras gelatinosas. Para tanto, foram coletadas amostras do xilema de indivíduos de seringueira na Fazenda Experimental de Catuaba, localizada em Senador Guiomard – AC (67.62711 O; 10.08433 S). Na caracterização anatômica, foram avaliados o comprimento das fibras (não-gelatinosas e gelatinosas); diâmetro total e diâmetro do lume de fibras não-gelatinosas; diâmetro e frequência dos elementos de vaso; largura, altura e frequência de raios e a proporção de tecidos. Foram observadas diferenças entre a estrutura anatômica de árvores exploradas e não-exploradas às características quantitativas. Apenas as variáveis comprimento de fibra gelatinosa; diâmetro do lume das fibras; frequência de raios, e proporção de elementos de vaso e raios não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas significativas. As observações mais importantes foram o aumento da largura e altura de raios nas árvores extraídas, bem como as maiores proporções de fibras gelatinosas nas árvores não-extraídas. Para a análise da ultraestrutura da parede celular das fibras, foram utilizados microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET), os quais revelaram que as fibras não-gelatinosas apresentam a típica configuração P + S1 +S2 + S3, enquanto as fibras gelatinosas apresentaram a configuração P + S1 +S2 + G, com a camada G apresentando estrutura lamelada. A análise química procedeu-se com testes histoquímicos de Wiesner e Mäule, e microespectroscopia por transformada de Fourier (FT-IR). O teste de Wiesner, pela coloração apresentada, mostrou indícios de um menor teor de lignina no material. A camada gelatinosa G não corou, indicando nenhuma ou muito pouca lignificação nesta porção da parede. O teste de Mäule revelou a presença de unidades guaiacil (G) na lignina, resultado que se alinhou com a análise FT-IR. Os espectros mostraram maiores intensidades para as bandas referentes às unidades G nas fibras gelatinosas que nas fibras não-gelatinosas. A relação S/G indicou que as unidades G e unidades S da lignina apresentam proporções parecidas, diferentemente do encontrado na literatura para essa espécie.
publishDate 2018
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv 2018-02-23
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv 2023-12-21T18:38:03Z
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv 2023-12-21T18:38:03Z
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
format doctoralThesis
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv RAMOS, Letícia Maria Alves. Estudos anatômicos, ultraestruturais e topoquímicos do lenho de seringueiras provenientes de floresta natural. 2018. 49 f.. Tese( Doutorado em Ciências Ambientais e Florestais) - Instituto de Florestas, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro,Seropédica-RJ, 2018. .
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv https://rima.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/20.500.14407/9338
identifier_str_mv RAMOS, Letícia Maria Alves. Estudos anatômicos, ultraestruturais e topoquímicos do lenho de seringueiras provenientes de floresta natural. 2018. 49 f.. Tese( Doutorado em Ciências Ambientais e Florestais) - Instituto de Florestas, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro,Seropédica-RJ, 2018. .
url https://rima.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/20.500.14407/9338
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv por
language por
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