Tratamento e disposi??o final de ?guas residu?rias de bovinocultura em solos sob manejo org?nico de produ??o de oler?colas

• Autor(a) principal: Jorge, Marcos Filgueiras
• Data de Publicação: 2018
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ
• Texto Completo: https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/4815
• topic: Efluentes; Recupera??o; Biofertilizante; Fertirriga??o; Hortali?as; Effluents; Recovery; Biofertilizer; Fertigation; Vegetables; Engenharia Sanit?ria; Engenharia Agr?cola

The confined dairy cattle production system employs modern techniques regarding to herds genetic standards; however the success in these production systems promoted an increase in the number of confined animals and, consequently, an increase in the volume of waste produced, making the dairy cattle residues a large problems for intensive management systems. This effluent has a high polluting potential due to the load of nutrients and organic material in its composition, and the incorporation of this material without treatment, may cause deleterious effects to the soil and eutrophication when it reaches water courses. Given that this study aims to implement a pilot treatment unit (PTU) for dairy cattle wastewater (DCWW), in an agroecological integrated production system (AIPS), for final destination of the residue in land cultivated with vegetable crops. Increasing doses of treated DCWW, determined in function of the concentration of nutrients present in the effluent and the crop demand (lettuce and carrot), were used. The study was divided into four chapters, preceded by a literature review about the nitrogen dynamics, the treatment methods and impacts on environment and living beings, as well as the sanitary aspects related to fecal contamination indicators. In the last, the bacteriological counting, persistence in the environment and techniques for removal. The first chapter presents the configuration of the PTU and, by means of the physical-chemical and microbiological parameters of waters and effluents, the characterization of DCWW produced by dairy cattle herds in the AIPS farm, and the content after successive stages of the treatment, plus evaluation of the efficiency of removal of each component. It is concluded that the PTU is a viable strategy for integrated management of animal confinement residues, making it possible the use of the biofertilizer produced in crops under organic management. The second chapter presents the evaluation, by means of phytotechnical and sanitary parameters, of the final disposal of DCWW treated in the PTU, in an organic lettuce cultivation with increasing doses (50, 100, 200 and 300%) to supply the reference amount of 90 kg N.ha-1. It is concluded that the treated DCWW provided an alternative source of water and nutrients, increasing the lettuce crop yield. Hovewer, the installment application of the doses should be evaluated, avoiding the usage throughout all the crop cycle. The third chapter is similar to the previous one, that is the final disposal of the DCWW treated in the PTU, but in organic carrot cultivation, under increasing doses (0, 100, 200 and 300%) to supply the reference amount of 150 kg N.ha-1. It was evaluated the aerial part and main roots as their growth, nutrient accumulation and sanitary quality. It was concluded that the application of 100% of treated DCWW allowed production above the national average and, in the experimental conditions, it was possible to replace the demand for water and nutrients for the organic carrot crop management. The fourth chapter, complementary to the previous one, presents the evaluation of impact of increasing doses of treated DCWW, by means of the soil chemical parameters and its derivatives, in two layers (0-20 e 20-40cm) of the soil under carrot cultivation. It was found that, although the applied DCWW did not result in nutrients accumulation in the soil, due to the excessively high dosages, part of the nutrients added was not recovered by the crop cultivated.