Aspectos nutricionais e aptid?o agr?cola das terras para o gengibre (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) em agricultura familiar na regi?o serrana do Esp?rito Santo

• Autor(a) principal: Esp?ndula Junior, Ademar
• Data de Publicação: 2008
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ
• Texto Completo: https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/264
• topic: absor??o de nutrientes; recomenda??o de P; potencial agr?cola de terras; nutrient absorption; P recommendation; Land agricultural potential; Agronomia

In Esp?rito Santo State, Brazil, 77% of rural properties are of the family type. They occupy 40% of the area and generate 36% of the value of the rural production. This, associated to the growth of crops for exportation, makes the State strategic for development and expansion of the ginger crop (Zingiber officinale Roscoe). The crop is concentrated in Santa Maria de Jetib? and Santa Leopoldina municipalities, in the Center-mountainous region of Esp?rito Santo. However, there is little information on the nutritional requirements of this crop and the fertilization management, and studies to define new areas suitable for production in the State. The objectives of this study were: a) to evaluate the absorption of the nutrients N, P and K; as well as the response of ginger to dosages of phosphorus (P); and b) to present parameters for ginger cropping zoning and to propose a land capability system for the crop, in a family farm system. In order to attend the first objective, experiments were conducted in a plot on a family farm, located in the municipality of Santa Maria de Jetib ?, on a Xanthic Dystrudult soil, from August 2006 to June 2007. The experimental design was of random blocks, with 3 blocks and 1 treatment in the study of the nutrient absorption, and 3 blocks and 4 treatments for evaluating the optimal dosage of P, with the following treatments: 60, 120, 240 kg P2O5 ha-1, in addition to the testimony. The results of the N, P, and K absorption were similar, being slow in the beginning of the cultivation, followed by an exponential growth, around the flowering period (180 to 210 DAP), ending the cycle with a slight fall after 240 DAP. The accumulation of the nutrients studied followed the descending order: N> K> P. Most of the accumulation happened in the rhizome. As for P response, only the dosage of 240 kg P2O5 ha- 1 showed a positive and significant difference in yield, with a production increase of 17.4% (3.95 Mg fresh weight), compared to dose of 120 kg P2O5 ha-1. This resulted in a positive income gain for the farmer of U$ 1.130,00 ha-1. The application of the dosage of 240 kg P2O5 per hectare in the planting increased the yield and the visual quality of rhizomes; thus, it was recommended as the most adequate within the P dosages studied for the cultivation of ginger, in the conditions of the study. For the second part of the study, data relative to physiological characteristics of the crop, and environmental variables (topography, temperature, precipitation, and soil) in the Esp?rito Santo State, were compiled, in order to offer the bases for a zoning of ginger crop. Values from one to three were attributed to characteristics relevant to the crop yield, and the areas were grouped into three classes of potential: suitable, restricted, and unsuited for ginger cultivation. It was also proposed a System of Land Capability for the Ginger Crop, which defined four capability classes: preferential, regular, restrict, and unsuited. Both systems may be applied to evaluate land potential for ginger crop in Esp?rito Santo State, in family farm model, with high technology and soil management level.