Plan?cies de inunda??o: onde e como renaturalizar fun??es h?dricas

• Autor(a) principal: Baptista, Marcelle Nardelli
• Data de Publicação: 2020
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ
• Texto Completo: https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/6251
• topic: Len?ol fre?tico; Regulariza??o h?drica; Servi?os ecossist?micos; Water table; Water regulation; Ecosystem services; Recursos Florestais e Engenharia Florestal

The floodplains are made up of biodiverse and multifunctional environments that interact with each other and play an important role in the water regulation of large hydrographic basins. This study aimed to establish theoretical bases for a new form of management, using the concept of renaturalization of water functions in parts of an anthropized floodplain as a strategy to increase the supply of ecosystem services related to water regularization of hydrographic basins. It was subdivided into the following specific objectives: i) To choose alternatives for disciplining floods promoted through renaturalization measures; ii) Characterize the hydrodynamics of the floodplain in urbanized and non-urbanized soils; iii) To raise the spatio-temporal dynamics of the water table level in the production of ecosystem services in the connectivity zone; and iv) Spatialize sectors with hydrological expertise to provide distinct ecosystem services via the concept of renaturalization measures. The studied floodplain is 217.84 km? (0.38% of the basin) and is in the upper third. It is artificially regulated by the Funil Hydroelectric Power Plant and has been losing its water functions over time, both due to human interferences and climate change. It is the second largest plain on the Para?ba do Sul River and has the greatest potential for management via the renaturalization of hydrological functions. Water level meters were installed in groundwater at points with different distances from the lithostructural control point, both inside the plain and in the connectivity zone. Although the physiognomic aspects of the landscape are similar in the 50 km long hydrological section, a difference was found between the water table level in areas with different degrees of urbanization. The results indicated that urbanization changed the depth of the water table by more than 2.5 m. Sectors closer to the lithostructural control point have a higher saturation frequency than the more distant sectors located in the upstream, being more apt to receive measures for the renaturalization of water functions and having regulated urban growth. In these sectors, greater connectivity between the plain and the river was observed, and with this, greater saturation during floods and humidity in the droughts. As a main result, it was found that the plain subdivided into 09 sectors with similar expertise can make the planning process feasible and increase the offer of ecosystem services through renaturalization measures. Areas more distant to the lithostructural control point are more important for the storage of water during the droughts, while the areas closer allow water regularization in the floods during the rainy season. Both operate in an integrated manner, improving the management of water resources within the plain and benefiting the population living downstream. The sectorization of the floodplain based on water functionality and its division into sub sectors facilitates the perception of hydrological processes and allows the management of the territory taking into account the water interconnections between river and floodplain in less anthropized spaces, an essential base for establishing as measures of renaturalization of its water functions