Dispers?o de sementes por formigas em ?reas de diferentes idades de restaura??o na Mata Atl?ntica
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2023 |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ |
Texto Completo: | https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/6949 |
Resumo: | Seed dispersal is an essential process in the structuring of plant communities. The current loss of dispersers due to habitat loss and defaunation makes it important to evaluate the execution of this service. Ants are organisms capable of performing primary and secondary dispersal of several plant species, allowing a refinement of primary dispersal. Its presence in diverse terrestrial habitats means that this seed dispersal can occur frequently, including in recently restored areas. The objective was to evaluate how the ecosystem service of seed dispersal performed by ants is recovering in restored areas compared to reference areas. The work was carried out at the Guapia?u Ecological Reserve (REGUA), in Cachoeiras de Macacu, RJ, in restored areas and reference areas for evaluating the secondary dispersal process carried out by ants. The first two chapters analyzed myrmecofauna interacting with natural fruits (chapter 1) and artificial fruits (chapter 2) and the biotic and structural factors influencing these interactions. The third chapter analyzed the effect of Ectatomma permagnum nests on seedling richness and abundance, as well as the physical and chemical soil attributes of these nests and the density and distribution of nests in the areas. Interactions were observed in six areas in a total of four transects of 200 m each, with four restored areas and two reference areas. For interactions with natural fruits, interactions were observed monthly over 12 months. A total of 110 interactions were found between 28 species of plants and 23 species of ants of which 52 interactions occurred in the restored ?reas over a year of observation. With artificial fruits, 251 interactions were observed with 23 species of ants and a total of 103 removals. Networks of restored and reference areas showed similar patterns. Solenopsis invicta was the central species in the interactions with natural fruits, indicating a strong dominance of the species and that the areas are still recovering, with a low number of diaspore removals by ants and few interactions with high quality disperser species. In artificial fruits, there was no difference in richness and removal of fruits in restored and reference areas and absence of influence of structural factors. Species composition was different between restored and reference areas. The indicator species in the reference habitat was Wasmannia auropunctata and in the restored habitat were Pheidole subarmata and Atta sexdens. Interactions may be limited by the recovering community and the strong dominance of some ant species, as in natural fruits. However, the absence of differences between restored and reference habitats in the characteristics studied in the two chapters indicates that the ecological process is carried out at the same level in both and is in the process of recovery. Ectatomma permagnum showed low nest density, being slightly higher in thenewest restored area, indicating that the activity of this species may be higher in recently restored areas. Nest distribution was random, indicating low intraspecific competition. The soil near and far from the nests did not differ in nutrient concentration. Therefore, the species does not seem to favor the recycling of nutrients in the environment under the influence of the nests. However, E. permagnum favored a higher abundance of seedlings in the nests, probably due to the diaspore removal activity of the species. Their activity leads to the increase of seedlings in their nests. Considering that all areas have a considerable restoration time and have nutrients necessary for the good development of seedlings, we can consider the species with a positive effect for seed dispersal and restoration of areas. |
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Queiroz, Jarbas Mar?al dehttp://lattes.cnpq.br/3716769685247180Queiroz, Jarbas Mar?al deFernandez, Alexandra PiresBieber, Ana Gabriela DelgadoAlmeida, Fabio Souto deChristianini, Alexander Vicentehttp://lattes.cnpq.br/7776815328307787Laviski, Bianca Ferreira da Silva2023-09-25T19:24:00Z2023-07-25LAVISKI, Bianca Ferreira da Silva. Dispers?o de sementes por formigas em ?reas de diferentes idades de restaura??o na Mata Atl?ntica. 2023. 108 f. Tese (Doutorado em Biologia Animal) - Instituto de Ci?ncias Biol?gicas e da Sa?de, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Serop?dica, RJ, 2023.https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/6949Seed dispersal is an essential process in the structuring of plant communities. The current loss of dispersers due to habitat loss and defaunation makes it important to evaluate the execution of this service. Ants are organisms capable of performing primary and secondary dispersal of several plant species, allowing a refinement of primary dispersal. Its presence in diverse terrestrial habitats means that this seed dispersal can occur frequently, including in recently restored areas. The objective was to evaluate how the ecosystem service of seed dispersal performed by ants is recovering in restored areas compared to reference areas. The work was carried out at the Guapia?u Ecological Reserve (REGUA), in Cachoeiras de Macacu, RJ, in restored areas and reference areas for evaluating the secondary dispersal process carried out by ants. The first two chapters analyzed myrmecofauna interacting with natural fruits (chapter 1) and artificial fruits (chapter 2) and the biotic and structural factors influencing these interactions. The third chapter analyzed the effect of Ectatomma permagnum nests on seedling richness and abundance, as well as the physical and chemical soil attributes of these nests and the density and distribution of nests in the areas. Interactions were observed in six areas in a total of four transects of 200 m each, with four restored areas and two reference areas. For interactions with natural fruits, interactions were observed monthly over 12 months. A total of 110 interactions were found between 28 species of plants and 23 species of ants of which 52 interactions occurred in the restored ?reas over a year of observation. With artificial fruits, 251 interactions were observed with 23 species of ants and a total of 103 removals. Networks of restored and reference areas showed similar patterns. Solenopsis invicta was the central species in the interactions with natural fruits, indicating a strong dominance of the species and that the areas are still recovering, with a low number of diaspore removals by ants and few interactions with high quality disperser species. In artificial fruits, there was no difference in richness and removal of fruits in restored and reference areas and absence of influence of structural factors. Species composition was different between restored and reference areas. The indicator species in the reference habitat was Wasmannia auropunctata and in the restored habitat were Pheidole subarmata and Atta sexdens. Interactions may be limited by the recovering community and the strong dominance of some ant species, as in natural fruits. However, the absence of differences between restored and reference habitats in the characteristics studied in the two chapters indicates that the ecological process is carried out at the same level in both and is in the process of recovery. Ectatomma permagnum showed low nest density, being slightly higher in thenewest restored area, indicating that the activity of this species may be higher in recently restored areas. Nest distribution was random, indicating low intraspecific competition. The soil near and far from the nests did not differ in nutrient concentration. Therefore, the species does not seem to favor the recycling of nutrients in the environment under the influence of the nests. However, E. permagnum favored a higher abundance of seedlings in the nests, probably due to the diaspore removal activity of the species. Their activity leads to the increase of seedlings in their nests. Considering that all areas have a considerable restoration time and have nutrients necessary for the good development of seedlings, we can consider the species with a positive effect for seed dispersal and restoration of areas.A dispers?o de sementes ? um processo essencial na estrutura??o das comunidades vegetais. A perda de dispersores na atualidade devido ? perda de habitat e defauna??o torna importante que se avalie a continuidade desse servi?o. Formigas s?o organismos capazes de realizar a dispers?o de sementes de diversas esp?cies de plantas de forma prim?ria. Podem ainda atuar como agentes de dispers?o secund?ria, permitindo um refinamento da dispers?o prim?ria. Sua presen?a em diversos habitats terrestres faz com que dispers?o por formigas ocorra com frequ?ncia, incluindo em ?reas recentemente restauradas. O presente trabalho encontra-se dividido em tr?s cap?tulos e teve como principal objetivo comparar a dispers?o secund?ria de di?sporos por formigas em ?reas restauradas com ?reas de refer?ncia. O trabalho foi realizado na Reserva Ecol?gica Guapia?u (REGUA), em Cachoeiras de Macacu, RJ, em ?reas restauradas e ?reas de refer?ncia para avalia??o do processo de dispers?o secund?ria por formigas. Os dois primeiros cap?tulos analisaram a mirmecofauna interagindo com os frutos naturais (cap?tulo 1) e frutos artificiais (cap?tulo 2) e os fatores bi?ticos e estruturais influenciando essas intera??es. O terceiro cap?tulo analisou o efeito de ninhos de Ectatomma permagnum Forel, 1908 sobre riqueza e abund?ncia de pl?ntulas, assim como os atributos f?sicos e qu?micos do solo desses ninhos e a densidade e distribui??o dos ninhos nas ?reas. As intera??es foram observadas em seis ?reas em um total de 4 transectos de 200 m cada, sendo quatro ?reas restauradas e duas ?reas de refer?ncia. Para as intera??es com frutos naturais, foram observadas as intera??es mensalmente ao longo de 12 meses. Foram encontradas 110 intera??es entre 28 esp?cies de plantas e 23 esp?cies de formigas ao longo de um ano de observa??o, das quais 52 intera??es ocorreram nas ?reas restauradas. Redes em ?reas restauradas e de refer?ncia apresentaram padr?es semelhantes. Solenopsis invicta Buren, 1972 foi esp?cie central nas intera??es com frutos naturais, indicando uma forte domin?ncia da esp?cie e que as ?reas ainda est?o em recupera??o, com um baixo n?mero de remo??es de di?sporos por formigas e poucas intera??es com esp?cies dispersoras de alta qualidade. Nas intera??es com frutos artificiais, foram observadas 251 intera??es com 23 esp?cies de formigas e um total de 103 remo??es. N?o houve diferen?a quanto ? riqueza de formigas e taxa de remo??o de frutos entre ?reas restauradas e de refer?ncia e aus?ncia de influ?ncia de fatores estruturais com frutos artificiais. J? a composi??o de esp?cies foi diferente entre ?reas restauradas e de refer?ncia. A esp?cie indicadora do habitat de refer?ncia foi Wasmannia auropunctata (Roger, 1863) e do habitat restaurado foram Pheidole subarmata Mayr, 1884 e Atta sexdens (Linnaeus, 1758). As intera??es com frutos artificiais podem estar limitadas pela comunidade em recupera??o e pela forte domin?ncia de algumas esp?cies de formigas, como nos frutos naturais. No entanto, a semelhan?a entre habitats restaurados e de refer?ncia nas caracter?sticas estudadas no dois cap?tulos indica que o processo ecol?gico ? realizado no mesmo n?vel em ambos e se encontra em recupera??o. Ectatomma permagnum apresentou baixa densidade de ninhos, sendo um pouco maior na ?rea restaurada mais nova, indicando que a atividade dessa esp?cie pode ser maior em ?reas no in?cio da restaura??o. A distribui??o dos ninhos foi aleat?ria, indicando baixa competi??o intraespec?fica. O solo pr?ximo e distante dos ninhos n?o diferiu quanto a concentra??o de nutrientes. Portanto, esta esp?cie n?o parece aumentar a ciclagem de nutrientes no ambiente sob influ?ncia de seus ninhos. Contudo, E. permagnum favoreceu uma maior abund?ncia de pl?ntulas nos ninhos, provavelmente devido a atividade de remo??o de di?sporos pela esp?cie. Considerando que todas as ?reas j? possuem um tempo de restaura??o e nutrientes necess?rios para o bom desenvolvimento das pl?ntulas, podemos considerar a esp?cie com efeito positivo para dispers?o de sementes e restaura??o de ?reas.Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2023-09-25T19:24:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2023 - Bianca Ferreira da Silva Laviski.Pdf: 4586619 bytes, checksum: 6385acc93258d1df228d4ab834870245 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2023-09-25T19:24:00Z (GMT). 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dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
Dispers?o de sementes por formigas em ?reas de diferentes idades de restaura??o na Mata Atl?ntica |
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv |
Seed dispersal by ants in areas of different ages of restoration in the Atlantic Forest |
title |
Dispers?o de sementes por formigas em ?reas de diferentes idades de restaura??o na Mata Atl?ntica |
spellingShingle |
Dispers?o de sementes por formigas em ?reas de diferentes idades de restaura??o na Mata Atl?ntica Laviski, Bianca Ferreira da Silva Intera??o formiga-di?sporo Restaura??o ecol?gica Ecologia de comunidades Ant-fruit interactions Ecological restoration Community ecology Zoologia Ecologia |
title_short |
Dispers?o de sementes por formigas em ?reas de diferentes idades de restaura??o na Mata Atl?ntica |
title_full |
Dispers?o de sementes por formigas em ?reas de diferentes idades de restaura??o na Mata Atl?ntica |
title_fullStr |
Dispers?o de sementes por formigas em ?reas de diferentes idades de restaura??o na Mata Atl?ntica |
title_full_unstemmed |
Dispers?o de sementes por formigas em ?reas de diferentes idades de restaura??o na Mata Atl?ntica |
title_sort |
Dispers?o de sementes por formigas em ?reas de diferentes idades de restaura??o na Mata Atl?ntica |
author |
Laviski, Bianca Ferreira da Silva |
author_facet |
Laviski, Bianca Ferreira da Silva |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Queiroz, Jarbas Mar?al de |
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/3716769685247180 |
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv |
Queiroz, Jarbas Mar?al de |
dc.contributor.referee2.fl_str_mv |
Fernandez, Alexandra Pires |
dc.contributor.referee3.fl_str_mv |
Bieber, Ana Gabriela Delgado |
dc.contributor.referee4.fl_str_mv |
Almeida, Fabio Souto de |
dc.contributor.referee5.fl_str_mv |
Christianini, Alexander Vicente |
dc.contributor.authorLattes.fl_str_mv |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/7776815328307787 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Laviski, Bianca Ferreira da Silva |
contributor_str_mv |
Queiroz, Jarbas Mar?al de Queiroz, Jarbas Mar?al de Fernandez, Alexandra Pires Bieber, Ana Gabriela Delgado Almeida, Fabio Souto de Christianini, Alexander Vicente |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Intera??o formiga-di?sporo Restaura??o ecol?gica Ecologia de comunidades |
topic |
Intera??o formiga-di?sporo Restaura??o ecol?gica Ecologia de comunidades Ant-fruit interactions Ecological restoration Community ecology Zoologia Ecologia |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Ant-fruit interactions Ecological restoration Community ecology |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
Zoologia Ecologia |
description |
Seed dispersal is an essential process in the structuring of plant communities. The current loss of dispersers due to habitat loss and defaunation makes it important to evaluate the execution of this service. Ants are organisms capable of performing primary and secondary dispersal of several plant species, allowing a refinement of primary dispersal. Its presence in diverse terrestrial habitats means that this seed dispersal can occur frequently, including in recently restored areas. The objective was to evaluate how the ecosystem service of seed dispersal performed by ants is recovering in restored areas compared to reference areas. The work was carried out at the Guapia?u Ecological Reserve (REGUA), in Cachoeiras de Macacu, RJ, in restored areas and reference areas for evaluating the secondary dispersal process carried out by ants. The first two chapters analyzed myrmecofauna interacting with natural fruits (chapter 1) and artificial fruits (chapter 2) and the biotic and structural factors influencing these interactions. The third chapter analyzed the effect of Ectatomma permagnum nests on seedling richness and abundance, as well as the physical and chemical soil attributes of these nests and the density and distribution of nests in the areas. Interactions were observed in six areas in a total of four transects of 200 m each, with four restored areas and two reference areas. For interactions with natural fruits, interactions were observed monthly over 12 months. A total of 110 interactions were found between 28 species of plants and 23 species of ants of which 52 interactions occurred in the restored ?reas over a year of observation. With artificial fruits, 251 interactions were observed with 23 species of ants and a total of 103 removals. Networks of restored and reference areas showed similar patterns. Solenopsis invicta was the central species in the interactions with natural fruits, indicating a strong dominance of the species and that the areas are still recovering, with a low number of diaspore removals by ants and few interactions with high quality disperser species. In artificial fruits, there was no difference in richness and removal of fruits in restored and reference areas and absence of influence of structural factors. Species composition was different between restored and reference areas. The indicator species in the reference habitat was Wasmannia auropunctata and in the restored habitat were Pheidole subarmata and Atta sexdens. Interactions may be limited by the recovering community and the strong dominance of some ant species, as in natural fruits. However, the absence of differences between restored and reference habitats in the characteristics studied in the two chapters indicates that the ecological process is carried out at the same level in both and is in the process of recovery. Ectatomma permagnum showed low nest density, being slightly higher in thenewest restored area, indicating that the activity of this species may be higher in recently restored areas. Nest distribution was random, indicating low intraspecific competition. The soil near and far from the nests did not differ in nutrient concentration. Therefore, the species does not seem to favor the recycling of nutrients in the environment under the influence of the nests. However, E. permagnum favored a higher abundance of seedlings in the nests, probably due to the diaspore removal activity of the species. Their activity leads to the increase of seedlings in their nests. Considering that all areas have a considerable restoration time and have nutrients necessary for the good development of seedlings, we can consider the species with a positive effect for seed dispersal and restoration of areas. |
publishDate |
2023 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2023-09-25T19:24:00Z |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2023-07-25 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
format |
doctoralThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv |
LAVISKI, Bianca Ferreira da Silva. Dispers?o de sementes por formigas em ?reas de diferentes idades de restaura??o na Mata Atl?ntica. 2023. 108 f. Tese (Doutorado em Biologia Animal) - Instituto de Ci?ncias Biol?gicas e da Sa?de, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Serop?dica, RJ, 2023. |
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identifier_str_mv |
LAVISKI, Bianca Ferreira da Silva. Dispers?o de sementes por formigas em ?reas de diferentes idades de restaura??o na Mata Atl?ntica. 2023. 108 f. Tese (Doutorado em Biologia Animal) - Instituto de Ci?ncias Biol?gicas e da Sa?de, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Serop?dica, RJ, 2023. |
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https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/6949 |
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por |
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Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro |
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UFRRJ |
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Brasil |
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Instituto de Ci?ncias Biol?gicas e da Sa?de |
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Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro |
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