Caracteriza??o das subunidades das emiss?es sonoras de Megaptera novaeangliae (Borowski, 1781) na costa do Brasil

• Autor(a) principal: Moreira, Sergio Carvalho
• Data de Publicação: 2016
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ
• Texto Completo: https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1298
• topic: Megaptera novaeangliae; Bioacustic; Subunit; Bioac?stica, ,; Subunidade; Zoologia

This study addressed the segmentation of the song of humpback whales based on the definition of the subunits. The humpback whale voalizations were identified and characterized in order to structurate the first data bank of sounds of marine mammals of the Southwestern Atlantic. It was noted the importance of these subunits because they have a degree of small variation, assisting in the identification of the species for the Autonomic Passive Acoustic Monitoring System (MAPA). Records of vocalizations of whales were conducted by the Humpback Whale Institute team (IBJ), between 2006 and 2013, in the region of Abrolhos, Bahia State, Brazil. They held seven readings of the subunits through the Raven 1.4 software, by evaluating: (1) High frequency (Hz); (2) Average power (dB); (3) Energy (dB); (4) Center frequency (Hz); (5) Maximum frequency (Hz); (6) Delta Time (s); and (7) Delta frequency (Hz). There were calculated the average, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values. Multivariate analysis of variance with post-hoc test values were performed where p>0.05 did not represent a significant change in the years. In the years 2006, 2007, 2009 and 2011 there was satisfactory quality to perform the analyzes, which corresponded to 14% of total recordings in 4:06:54 hours. The records analyzed were purchased in the months of highest occurrence of humpback. 862 subunits were identified and analyzed. The identified subunits were A, B and C. The subunit A: n= 156(18%), previously found in a feeding area in the northeast of Iceland (2011), Alaska (2012) and in the region of Abrolhos in all years studied. The B subunit: n= 205(24%), occurring in feeding areas of Iceland (2000) and Alaska (2012) and the breeding area in Hawaii (1991). In Abrolhos region they were recorded in all years studied. The C subunit: 501(51%) was previously recorded in the breeding areas of Madagascar (2009), Hawaii (1989 and 1991), Mexico (2006), Australia (2009) and New Caledonia (2010) and in the feeding area Antarctica (2010). Some subunits showed no significant differences in some of the studied years. The subunits are preserved over the years especially in following parameters: high frequency, center frequency, maximum frequency, delta time and the delta frequency. The parameter delta time has also shown more uniform average and standard deviation, indicating that this should be used as a differentiating character in the analysis of humpback sound emissions. The C subunit had a wide geographic distribution, mainly in the Southern Hemisphere. Comparison of subunits found in the literature shows that they are suitable bioacustic markers for humpback in the usage of MAPA methodology. The data obtained in this study will be used to start the first sound database for marine mammals in the South Atlantic, called SONOTECA, in partnership with the SISMMAM (Marine Mammals Sound and Monitoring Integrated System)/IBAMA.