Avalia??o cl?nica e efic?cia da associa??o de Moxidectina de libera??o lenta e Doxiciclina no tratamento de c?es naturalmente infectados com Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856)

Silva, Bruno Ricardo Soares Alberigi

Avalia??o cl?nica e efic?cia da associa??o de Moxidectina de libera??o lenta e Doxiciclina no tratamento de c?es naturalmente infectados com Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856)

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal:	Silva, Bruno Ricardo Soares Alberigi
Data de Publicação:	2019
Tipo de documento:	Tese
Idioma:	por
Título da fonte:	Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ
Texto Completo:	https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/5206
Resumo:	Dirofilaria immitis infected dogs may develop severe symptoms which compromise their life quality and can even cause death. Pulmonary lesions tend to aggravate over time and are the most severe and frequent lesions observed during the course of the disease. Once the pulmonary lesions are present they impact on the cardiac function negatively. Considering that the disease can threat the animal?s life, the treatment must eliminate the parasites as fast as possible and with the least side effects. Since this canine infection is frequent in Brazil and that the standard medication is not registered for use in the Country, adulticidal treatment can only be achieved implementing alternative strategies such as the use of doxycycline and macrocyclic lactones. However, among the drawbacks of this kind of therapy are the potential for the selection of macrocyclic lactones resistant D. immitis populations and the time spam to achieve the elimination of the worms that can worst the existing lesions or initiate new ones. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate safety and efficacy of the biannual treatment with slow release moxidectin associated with 30 days cycles of doxycycline. After the owner?s consent 17 dogs naturally infected as confirmed by the presence of specific antigens in their blood samples received an injection of slow release moxidectin (0.5mg/kg) and the started oral administration of doxycycline (10mg/kg BID) for 30 days. This therapy was repeated every six months until the dog presented two negative antigen test results six months apart. Blood work was performed to evaluate the safety of the treatment and chest x-rays, Doppler echocardiography and physical examinations were performed to monitor the lesions. The number of females (53%) was similar to the number of males (47%), the animals gained weight and the blood work showed results within the reference range for the species. On day 0 the majority of the animals (15/17) were microfilaremic and on day +150 all had become amicrofilaremic. On day +180 most dogs had seroconverted (58.8%) and on day +360 other 29.4%. All dogs that were seronegative on day 180 confirmed the serologic status on day +360 and were considered free of the infection. Two dogs, although being amicorfilaremic on day +150, did not seroconvert on day +360. All the exams showed that despite the time spent from the beginning of treatment to seroconversion, no worsening of the dog?s clinical conditions could be detected. Therefore, according to the results observed herein it can be said that the treatment of canine heartworm using moxidectin and doxycycline was safe and efficacious and that it is an alternative in countries where the standard adulticidal treatment in unavailable.

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spelling	Fernandes, Julio Israel9221592908532393http://lattes.cnpq.br/9221592908532393Labarthe, Norma Vollmer9751484492131778http://lattes.cnpq.br/9751484492131778Azevedo, Tha?s Ribeiro Correia6049103053269712http://lattes.cnpq.br/6049103053269712Veiga, Cristiano Chaves Pessoa da2990518541233552http://lattes.cnpq.br/2990518541233552Mendes-de-Almeida, Flavya3443309825570104http://lattes.cnpq.br/3443309825570104Alves, Leucio C?mara6563157522654726http://lattes.cnpq.br/65631575226547265366748874483915http://lattes.cnpq.br/5366748874483915Silva, Bruno Ricardo Soares Alberigi2021-10-29T21:32:25Z2019-07-05SILVA, Bruno Ricardo Soares Alberigi. Avalia??o cl?nica e efic?cia da associa??o de Moxidectina de libera??o lenta e Doxiciclina no tratamento de c?es naturalmente infectados com Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856). 2019. 110 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ci?ncias, Ci?ncias cl?nicas) - Instituto de Veterin?ria, Departamento de Medicina e Cirurgia Veterin?ria, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Serop?dica, RJ, 2019.https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/5206Dirofilaria immitis infected dogs may develop severe symptoms which compromise their life quality and can even cause death. Pulmonary lesions tend to aggravate over time and are the most severe and frequent lesions observed during the course of the disease. Once the pulmonary lesions are present they impact on the cardiac function negatively. Considering that the disease can threat the animal?s life, the treatment must eliminate the parasites as fast as possible and with the least side effects. Since this canine infection is frequent in Brazil and that the standard medication is not registered for use in the Country, adulticidal treatment can only be achieved implementing alternative strategies such as the use of doxycycline and macrocyclic lactones. However, among the drawbacks of this kind of therapy are the potential for the selection of macrocyclic lactones resistant D. immitis populations and the time spam to achieve the elimination of the worms that can worst the existing lesions or initiate new ones. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate safety and efficacy of the biannual treatment with slow release moxidectin associated with 30 days cycles of doxycycline. After the owner?s consent 17 dogs naturally infected as confirmed by the presence of specific antigens in their blood samples received an injection of slow release moxidectin (0.5mg/kg) and the started oral administration of doxycycline (10mg/kg BID) for 30 days. This therapy was repeated every six months until the dog presented two negative antigen test results six months apart. Blood work was performed to evaluate the safety of the treatment and chest x-rays, Doppler echocardiography and physical examinations were performed to monitor the lesions. The number of females (53%) was similar to the number of males (47%), the animals gained weight and the blood work showed results within the reference range for the species. On day 0 the majority of the animals (15/17) were microfilaremic and on day +150 all had become amicrofilaremic. On day +180 most dogs had seroconverted (58.8%) and on day +360 other 29.4%. All dogs that were seronegative on day 180 confirmed the serologic status on day +360 and were considered free of the infection. Two dogs, although being amicorfilaremic on day +150, did not seroconvert on day +360. All the exams showed that despite the time spent from the beginning of treatment to seroconversion, no worsening of the dog?s clinical conditions could be detected. Therefore, according to the results observed herein it can be said that the treatment of canine heartworm using moxidectin and doxycycline was safe and efficacious and that it is an alternative in countries where the standard adulticidal treatment in unavailable.C?es infectados com Dirofilaria immitis s?o propensos a desenvolver sinais cl?nicos graves que comprometem seu bem-estar podendo lev?-los ao ?bito. As les?es mais graves e frequentes s?o pulmonares, que evoluem e agravam com o tempo, influenciando negativamente a fun??o card?aca. Em fun??o da doen?a que pode se desenvolver devido ? infec??o, o tratamento deve ser concentrado na elimina??o dos parasitos o mais rapidamente poss?vel e com o m?nimo de efeitos colaterais. Como essa infec??o canina ? frequente no Brasil e o medicamento padr?o para seu tratamento n?o ? registrado no Pa?s, o tratamento adulticida s? pode ser realizado com estrat?gias alternativas como, por exemplo, o uso de doxiciclina associada a lactonas macroc?clicas. Entretanto, dentre as preocupa??es com essa terapia est?o a poss?vel sele??o de popula??es resistentes ?s lactonas macroc?clicas e o tempo necess?rio que para alcan?ar cura parasitol?gica. Sendo assim objetivou-se avaliar a seguran?a e a efic?cia adulticida da utiliza??o semestral de moxidectina de libera??o lenta associada a ciclos de doxiciclina por 30 dias. Ap?s consentimento dos tutores, 17 c?es que tiveram a infec??o natural confirmada pela antigenemia espec?fica receberam 0,5mg/kg de moxidectina de libera??o lenta por via subcut?nea e administra??o oral de doxiciclina (10mg/kg BID) por 30 dias. A terapia institu?da era repetida a cada seis meses at? que o c?o fosse considerado livre de infec??o ao apresentar um segundo resultado de pesquisa de ant?genos negativo seis meses depois do primeiro. Exames de sangue foram realizados para avaliar a seguran?a do tratamento e exames radiogr?fico de t?rax, ecodopplercardiografico e f?sico foram realizados para monitorar as les?es. O n?mero de f?meas (53%) foi semelhante ao n?mero de machos (47%), os animais ganharam peso durante o estudo e as vari?veis hematol?gicas e bioqu?micas s?ricas se mantiveram dentro dos valores de refer?ncia para a esp?cie. No dia 0 a maioria dos animais (15) era microfilar?mica e no dia 150 todos os animais apresentavam-se amicrofilaremicos. No dia +180 a maioria dos c?es soroconverteu (58,8%) e 29,4% dos que n?o tinham soroconvertido, o fizeram no dia +360. Dois c?es, apesar de terem se tornado amicrofilar?micos, n?o soroconverteram at? o dia +360 de tratamento. Os exames realizados demonstraram que independentemente do tempo transcorrido entre o in?cio do tratamento e a soroconvers?o n?o houve agravamento das condi??es cl?nicas dos animais. Conclui-se que o tratamento da associa??o de moxidectina de libera??o lenta e doxiciclina ? uma alternativa no tratamento de c?es com dirofilariose em pa?ses onde o tratamento adulticida n?o est? dispon?vel.Submitted by Leticia Schettini (leticia@ufrrj.br) on 2021-10-29T21:32:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2019 - Bruno Ricardo Soares A. da Silva.pdf: 3021422 bytes, checksum: 9f10517faad7b503ca1d1c50dc6f7c3d (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2021-10-29T21:32:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2019 - Bruno Ricardo Soares A. da Silva.pdf: 3021422 bytes, checksum: 9f10517faad7b503ca1d1c50dc6f7c3d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-07-05CAPES - Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superiorapplication/pdfhttps://tede.ufrrj.br/retrieve/67412/2019%20-%20Bruno%20Ricardo%20Soares%20A.%20da%20Silva.pdf.jpgporUniversidade Federal Rural do Rio de JaneiroPrograma de P?s-Gradua??o em Medicina Veterin?ria (Patologia e Ci?ncias Cl?nicas)UFRRJBrasilInstituto de Veterin?riaAMERICAN HEARTWORM SOCIETY. Current Canine Guidelines for the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Heartworm Infection in Dogs. 2018. Dispon?vel em: https://heartwormsociety.org/images/pdf/2018-AHS-Canine-Guidelines.pdf.Acesso em: 17 Fevereiro 2019. AL?AZZAM, S. I.; FLECKENSTEIN, L.; CHENG, K. J.; DZIMIANSKI, M. T.; MCCALL, J. W. Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of moxidectin and ivermectin after oral administration to beagle dogs. 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A.; SCHOBER, K. E.; BONAGURA, J. D. Echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular systolic function in conscious healthy dogs: repeatability and reference intervals. Journal of Veterinary Cardiology, v. 17, n. 2, p. 83-96, Junho 2015. ISSN 1760-2734. VISSER, L. C.; IM, M. K.; JOHNSON, L. R.; STERN, J. A. Diagnostic value of right pulmonary artery distensibility index in dogs with pulmonary hypertension: comparison with Doppler echocardiographic estimates of pulmonary arterial pressure. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, v. 30, n. 2, p. 543-552, Fevereiro 2016. ISSN 0891-6640. WARE, W. Abdominal Distension. In: WARE, W. Cardiovascular Disease in Small Animal Medicine. 1. ed. London: Manson, 2011a. cap. 11, p. 121-126. ______. Jugular vein Distension or Pulsation. In: WARE, W. Cardiovascular Disease in Small Animal Medicine. 1. ed. London: Manson, 2011b. cap. 10, p. 117-120. ______. Syncope or intermittent Collapse. In: WARE, W. Cardiovascular Disease in Small Animal Medicine. 1. ed. London: Manson, 2011c. cap. 14, p. 139144. WIEDEMANN, H. P.; MATTHAY, R. A. Management of cor pulmonale. In: SM, S. (org.). Heart?Lung Interactions in Health and Disease. New York: Marcel Deckker, 1989. p.920- 926. WOODSON, B. T.; BRUSKY, L. T.; SAURAJEN, A.; JARADEH, S. Association of autonomic dysfunction and mild obstructive sleep apnea. Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery, v. 130, n. 6, p. 643-648, Junho 2004. ISSN 0194-5998. TAKASHIMA, Y., ONODA, I., CHIOUS.P., KITOH, K. In vitro canine platelet aggregation caused by Dirofilaria immitis extract. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, v. 79, n.2, p. 388-392. Fevereiro 2017. 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dc.title.por.fl_str_mv	Avalia??o cl?nica e efic?cia da associa??o de Moxidectina de libera??o lenta e Doxiciclina no tratamento de c?es naturalmente infectados com Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856)
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv	Clinical evaluation and effectiveness of the slow release Moxidectin and Doxycycline association in the treatment of naturally Infected dogs with Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856)
title	Avalia??o cl?nica e efic?cia da associa??o de Moxidectina de libera??o lenta e Doxiciclina no tratamento de c?es naturalmente infectados com Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856)
spellingShingle	Avalia??o cl?nica e efic?cia da associa??o de Moxidectina de libera??o lenta e Doxiciclina no tratamento de c?es naturalmente infectados com Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856) Silva, Bruno Ricardo Soares Alberigi Lactonas macroc?clicas Tetraciclina Dirofilariose Macrocyclic Lactone Tetracyclin Dirofilariasis Medicina Veterin?ria
title_short	Avalia??o cl?nica e efic?cia da associa??o de Moxidectina de libera??o lenta e Doxiciclina no tratamento de c?es naturalmente infectados com Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856)
title_full	Avalia??o cl?nica e efic?cia da associa??o de Moxidectina de libera??o lenta e Doxiciclina no tratamento de c?es naturalmente infectados com Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856)
title_fullStr	Avalia??o cl?nica e efic?cia da associa??o de Moxidectina de libera??o lenta e Doxiciclina no tratamento de c?es naturalmente infectados com Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856)
title_full_unstemmed	Avalia??o cl?nica e efic?cia da associa??o de Moxidectina de libera??o lenta e Doxiciclina no tratamento de c?es naturalmente infectados com Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856)
title_sort	Avalia??o cl?nica e efic?cia da associa??o de Moxidectina de libera??o lenta e Doxiciclina no tratamento de c?es naturalmente infectados com Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856)
author	Silva, Bruno Ricardo Soares Alberigi
author_facet	Silva, Bruno Ricardo Soares Alberigi
author_role	author
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv	Fernandes, Julio Israel
dc.contributor.advisor1ID.fl_str_mv	9221592908532393
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv	http://lattes.cnpq.br/9221592908532393
dc.contributor.advisor-co1.fl_str_mv	Labarthe, Norma Vollmer
dc.contributor.advisor-co1ID.fl_str_mv	9751484492131778
dc.contributor.advisor-co1Lattes.fl_str_mv	http://lattes.cnpq.br/9751484492131778
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv	Azevedo, Tha?s Ribeiro Correia
dc.contributor.referee1ID.fl_str_mv	6049103053269712
dc.contributor.referee1Lattes.fl_str_mv	http://lattes.cnpq.br/6049103053269712
dc.contributor.referee2.fl_str_mv	Veiga, Cristiano Chaves Pessoa da
dc.contributor.referee2ID.fl_str_mv	2990518541233552
dc.contributor.referee2Lattes.fl_str_mv	http://lattes.cnpq.br/2990518541233552
dc.contributor.referee3.fl_str_mv	Mendes-de-Almeida, Flavya
dc.contributor.referee3ID.fl_str_mv	3443309825570104
dc.contributor.referee3Lattes.fl_str_mv	http://lattes.cnpq.br/3443309825570104
dc.contributor.referee4.fl_str_mv	Alves, Leucio C?mara
dc.contributor.referee4ID.fl_str_mv	6563157522654726
dc.contributor.referee4Lattes.fl_str_mv	http://lattes.cnpq.br/6563157522654726
dc.contributor.authorID.fl_str_mv	5366748874483915
dc.contributor.authorLattes.fl_str_mv	http://lattes.cnpq.br/5366748874483915
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv	Silva, Bruno Ricardo Soares Alberigi
contributor_str_mv	Fernandes, Julio Israel Labarthe, Norma Vollmer Azevedo, Tha?s Ribeiro Correia Veiga, Cristiano Chaves Pessoa da Mendes-de-Almeida, Flavya Alves, Leucio C?mara
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv	Lactonas macroc?clicas Tetraciclina Dirofilariose
topic	Lactonas macroc?clicas Tetraciclina Dirofilariose Macrocyclic Lactone Tetracyclin Dirofilariasis Medicina Veterin?ria
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv	Macrocyclic Lactone Tetracyclin Dirofilariasis
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv	Medicina Veterin?ria
description	Dirofilaria immitis infected dogs may develop severe symptoms which compromise their life quality and can even cause death. Pulmonary lesions tend to aggravate over time and are the most severe and frequent lesions observed during the course of the disease. Once the pulmonary lesions are present they impact on the cardiac function negatively. Considering that the disease can threat the animal?s life, the treatment must eliminate the parasites as fast as possible and with the least side effects. Since this canine infection is frequent in Brazil and that the standard medication is not registered for use in the Country, adulticidal treatment can only be achieved implementing alternative strategies such as the use of doxycycline and macrocyclic lactones. However, among the drawbacks of this kind of therapy are the potential for the selection of macrocyclic lactones resistant D. immitis populations and the time spam to achieve the elimination of the worms that can worst the existing lesions or initiate new ones. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate safety and efficacy of the biannual treatment with slow release moxidectin associated with 30 days cycles of doxycycline. After the owner?s consent 17 dogs naturally infected as confirmed by the presence of specific antigens in their blood samples received an injection of slow release moxidectin (0.5mg/kg) and the started oral administration of doxycycline (10mg/kg BID) for 30 days. This therapy was repeated every six months until the dog presented two negative antigen test results six months apart. Blood work was performed to evaluate the safety of the treatment and chest x-rays, Doppler echocardiography and physical examinations were performed to monitor the lesions. The number of females (53%) was similar to the number of males (47%), the animals gained weight and the blood work showed results within the reference range for the species. On day 0 the majority of the animals (15/17) were microfilaremic and on day +150 all had become amicrofilaremic. On day +180 most dogs had seroconverted (58.8%) and on day +360 other 29.4%. All dogs that were seronegative on day 180 confirmed the serologic status on day +360 and were considered free of the infection. Two dogs, although being amicorfilaremic on day +150, did not seroconvert on day +360. All the exams showed that despite the time spent from the beginning of treatment to seroconversion, no worsening of the dog?s clinical conditions could be detected. Therefore, according to the results observed herein it can be said that the treatment of canine heartworm using moxidectin and doxycycline was safe and efficacious and that it is an alternative in countries where the standard adulticidal treatment in unavailable.
publishDate	2019
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv	2019-07-05
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv	2021-10-29T21:32:25Z
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
format	doctoralThesis
status_str	publishedVersion
dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv	SILVA, Bruno Ricardo Soares Alberigi. Avalia??o cl?nica e efic?cia da associa??o de Moxidectina de libera??o lenta e Doxiciclina no tratamento de c?es naturalmente infectados com Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856). 2019. 110 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ci?ncias, Ci?ncias cl?nicas) - Instituto de Veterin?ria, Departamento de Medicina e Cirurgia Veterin?ria, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Serop?dica, RJ, 2019.
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv	https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/5206
identifier_str_mv	SILVA, Bruno Ricardo Soares Alberigi. Avalia??o cl?nica e efic?cia da associa??o de Moxidectina de libera??o lenta e Doxiciclina no tratamento de c?es naturalmente infectados com Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856). 2019. 110 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ci?ncias, Ci?ncias cl?nicas) - Instituto de Veterin?ria, Departamento de Medicina e Cirurgia Veterin?ria, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Serop?dica, RJ, 2019.
url	https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/5206
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv	por
language	por
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Current canine guidelines for the diagnosis, prevention, and management of heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) infection in dogs (revised July 2014). 2016. Dispon?vel em: https://heartwormsociety.org/images/pdf/2014- AHS-Canine-Guidelines.pdf. Acesso em: 10 Janeiro 2019. NELSON, C. T.; MYRICK, E. S.; NELSON, T. A. Clinical benefits of incorporating doxycycline into a canine heartworm treatment protocol. Parasites & Vectors, v. 10, n. 2, p. 515, Novembro 2017. ISSN 1756-3305. 53 NEWTON, W. L.; WRIGHT, W. H. The occurrence of a dog filariid other than Dirofilaria immitis in the United States. The Journal of Parasitology, v. 42, n. 3, p. 246-258, Junho 1956. ISSN 0022-3395. NOVOTNY, M. J.; KRAUTMANN, M. J.; EHRHART, J. C.; GODIN, C. S.; EVANS, E. I.; MCCALL, J. W.; SUN, F.; ROWAN, T. G.; JERNIGAN, A. D. Safety of selamectin in dogs. Veterinary Parasitology, v. 91, n. 3-4, p. 377-391, Julho 2000. ISSN 0304-4017. PAIVA, J. P. Intera??o entre filar?deos, vetores e Wolbachia Hertig, 1936: um foco ativo de transmiss?o de Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856) como modelo. 2009. 172p. Tese (Doutorado) - Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niter?i, 2009. PAPICH, M. G. Considerations for using minocycline vs doxycycline for treatment of canine heartworm disease. Parasites & Vectors, v. 10, n. 2, p. 493, Novembro 2017. ISSN 1756- 3305. PRICHARD, R.; M?NEZ, C.; LESPINE, A. Moxidectin and the avermectins: consanguinity but not identity. International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance, v. 2, n. 1, p. 134-153, Dezembro 2012. ISSN 2211-3207. PULLIAM, J. D.; SEWARD, R. L.; HENRY, R. T.; STEINBERG, S. A. Investigating ivermectin toxicity in Collies. Veterinary Medicine, v. 7, n. 1, p. 33-40, 1985. RAILLIET, A.; HENRY, A. A Sur un Filarie p?riton?le des porcins. Bulletin de la Soci?t? de pathologie exotique, v. 4, p. 386-389, 1911. RAO, R. U.; MOUSSA, H.; WEIL, G. J. Brugia malayi: effects of antibacterial agents on larval viability and development in vitro. Experimental Parasitology, v. 101, n. 1, p. 77-81, Maio 2002. ISSN 0014-4894. RAWLINGS, C. A.; LOSONSKY, J. M.; LEWIS, R. E. Susceptibility of dogs with heartworm disease to hypoxia. American Journal of Veterinary Research, v. 38, n. 9, p. 1365-1369, Setembro 1977. ISSN 0002-9645. RAWLILNGS, C. A. Heartworm Disease in Dogs and Cats. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1ST ed. 1986. REDINGTON, B. C. et al. The various microfilariae found in dogs in the United States. In: MORGAN, H. C., Proceedings Of Heartworm Symposium 1977, Bonner Springs, KS. p.14- 21. REINEMEYER, C. R.; COURTNEY, C. H. Quimioterapia das Doen?as Parasit?rias. In: ADAMS, H. R. Farmacologia e Terap?utica em Veterin?ria. 8. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan, 2003. cap. 11, p. 791-818. RENDER, M. L.; WEINSTEIN, A. S.; BLAUSTEIN, A. S. Left ventricular dysfunction in deteriorating patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chest, v. 107, n. 1, p. 162- 168, Janeiro 1995. ISSN 0012-3692. 54 RIDYARD, A. Heartworm and lungworm in dogs and cats in the UK. IN PRACTICE, Londres, v. 27, n. 5, p. 237-237, Mar?o 2005. ISSN 0263-841X. RIVIERE, J. E.; SPOO, W. Antibioticos tetracicl?nicos. In: ADAMS, H. R. Farmacologia e Terap?utica em Veterin?ria. 8. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan, 2003. cap. 42, p. 692-702. ROSSI, M. I. D.; AGUIAR-ALVES, F.; SANTOS, S.; PAIVA, J.; BENDAS, A.; FERNANDES, O.; LABARTHE, N. Detection of Wolbachia DNA in blood from dogs infected with Dirofilaria immitis. Experimental Parasitology, v. 126, n. 2, p. 270-272, Outubro 2010. ISSN 0014-4894. SANGSTER, N. C. Anthelmintic resistance: past, present and future. International Journal for Parasitology, , v. 29, n. 1, p. 115-124, Janeiro 1999. ISSN 0020-7519. SASAKI, Y.; KITAGAWA, H.; HIRANO, Y. Relationship between pulmonary arterial pressure and lesions in the pulmonary arteries and parenchyma, and cardiac valves in canine dirofilariasis. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, v. 54, n. 4, p. 739-744, Agosto 1992. ISSN 0916-7250. SAVADELIS, M. D.; OHMES, C. M.; HOSTETLER, J. A.; SETTJE, T. L.; ZOLYNAS, R.; DZIMIANSKI, M. T.; MOORHEAD, A. R. Assessment of parasitological findings in heartworm-infected beagles treated with Advantage Multi? for dogs (10% imidacloprid+ 2.5% moxidectin) and doxycycline. Parasites & Vectors, v. 10, n. 1, p. 245, Maio 2017. ISSN 1756-3305. SAVADELIS, M. D.; DAY, K. M.; BRADNER, J. L.; WOLSTENHOLME, A. J.; DZIMIANSKI, M. T.; MOORHEAD, A. R. Efficacy and side effects of doxycycline versus minocycline in the three-dose melarsomine canine adulticidal heartworm treatment protocol. Parasites & Vectors, v. 11, n. 1, p. 671, Dezembro 2018. ISSN 1756-3305. SAVADELIS, M. D.; ROVETO, J. L; OHMES, C. M.; HOSTETLER, J. A.; SETTJE, T. L.; DZIMIANSKI, M. T.; MOORHEAD, A. R. Evaluation of heat-treating heartworm-positive canine serum samples during treatment with Advantage Multi? for Dogs and doxycycline. Parasites & Vectors, v. 11, n. 1, p. 98, Fevereiro 2018. ISSN 1756-3305. SERRANO-PARRE?O, B.; CARRETON, E.; CARO-VADILLO, A. C.; FALCON CORDON, Y.; FALCON-CORDON, S. MONTOYA-ALONSO, J. A. Evaluation of pulmonary hypertension and clinical status in dogs with heartworm by Right Pulmonary Artery Distensibility Index and other echocardiographic parameters. Parasites & Vectors, v. 10, n. 1, p. 106, Fevereiro 2017. ISSN 1756-3305. SILVA, L. B.; FERREIRA, C, A,; BLACHER, C.; LE?ES, P.; HADDAD, H. Pept?deo natriur?tico tipo-B e doen?as cardiovasculares. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, S?o Paulo, v. 81, n. 5, p. 529-534, Novembro 2003. ISSN 0066-782X. Vers?o online. DOI 10.1590/ 2003001300011. Dispon?vel em: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0 066782X2003001300011&nrm=isso. Acesso em: 24 Janeiro 2019. 55 SIM?N, F.; KRAMER, L. H.; ROMAN, A.; BLASINI, W.; MORCHON, R.; MARCOS ATXUTEGI, C.; GRANDI, G.; GENCHI, C. Immunopathology of Dirofilaria immitis infection. Veterinary Research Communications, v. 31, n. 2, p. 161-171, Fevereiro 2007. ISSN 0165-7380. SIM?N, F.; SILES-LUCAS, M.; MORCHON, R.; GONZALEZ-MIGUEL, J.; MELLADO, I.; CARRETON, E.; MONTOYA-ALONSO, J. A. Human and animal dirofilariasis: the emergence of a zoonotic mosaic. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, v. 25, n. 3, p. 507-544, Julho 2012. ISSN 0893-
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Avalia??o cl?nica e efic?cia da associa??o de Moxidectina de libera??o lenta e Doxiciclina no tratamento de c?es naturalmente infectados com Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856)

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