Produ??o, concentra??o e caracteriza??o parcial de extrato celulol?tico produzido por linhagem f?ngica mutante

• Autor(a) principal: Santos, Alex da Silva
• Data de Publicação: 2011
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ
• Texto Completo: https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1152
• topic: cellulases, solid-state fermentation, ultrafiltration, concentration and partial characterization.; Celulases, fermenta??o estado s?lido, concentra??o, ultrafiltra??o, caracteriza??o parcial.; Ci?ncia e Tecnologia de Alimentos

The production of enzymes for application at different areas of food agroindustry presents promising future perspectives, due to several intrinsic properties regarded to the performance of the enzymes as natural and biodegradable compounds, responsible for achieving specific reactions with better quality. Cellulases have been the most employed enzymes on food industry, acting sinergically on the hydrolysis of the glucosidic links ?-1,4 from the molecules of cellulose, and being used on several applications in this sector as in vegetal oils extraction, fruit maceration and juice clarification. Based on this context, the present study aimed to produce, concentrate and partially characterize an enzymatic extract by a mutant fungus strain of Aspergillus niger. Production was performed by solid-state fermentation (SSF) in aerated columns, using humidified wheat bran with (NH4)2SO4 solution on 0,1N HCl as substrate and cellobiose as inducer. Cellulolytic extract was a blend of extracts from three different assays selected on previous studies as the best conditions for the enzymes caboxymethilcellulase, ?-glucosidase and filter paper cellulose (FPase). During the characterization of the enzymatic extract, besides cellulases activity, the presence of protease and other enzymes with similar action to cellulases as xylanase and poligalacturonase was evaluated. For enzymatic extract concentration, three different strategies were performed: ultrafiltration, using a stainless steel plates system through a 20 kDa molecular weight cut-off polyethersulphone membrane and 0,014 m2 area; precipitation with ammonium sulphate under 20%, 40 %, 60% and 80% saturation level and lyophiilization. The best results were achieved by the ultrafiltration process, partially purified sample and providing enzymatic activities recovery between 75% and 99%, except for FPase. SDS-PAGE analysis presented 15 visible protein bands on cellulolytic extract with molecular weights ranging from 13.3 to 104.6 kDa. Zymography test was applied for cellulases and correlate enzymes as well as to protease, however, just for the last one the conditions were considered appropriate, identifying bands on 88, 103 and 145 kDa. The effective performance of ?-glucosidase and xylanase over xylan and cellobiose hydrolysis was confirmed by thin layer chromatography. A central rotational statistical design 22 with 4 central points was used for evaluating optimal temperature and pH for carboxymethylcellulase and ?-glucosidase. The analysis of the results obtained for both enzymes demonstrated that all variables were significative at a 95% confidence level. Based on the conditions studied it can be concluded that optimal pH and temperature ranges for efficient and combined action of carboxymethylcellulase and ?-glucosidase are 3.7 to 5.5 and 60 to 65?C, respectively.