Fissuras orofaciais : compreensão da vivência do paciente e percepção de familiares.

• Autor(a) principal: Gois, Diego Noronha de
• Data de Publicação: 2011
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFS
• Texto Completo: https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3749
• topic: Fissura labial; Fissura palatina; Avaliação em saúde; Experiência de vida; Cleft lip; Cleft palate; Health evaluation; Life change events; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE

Orofacial clefts are congenital malformations of the face, which have a multifactorial etiology and a significant incidence on the population, thus being considered the most common craniofacial complex anomaly. The morphological and functional implications are dependent on the clinical characteristics. However, there seems to be a subdued of psychosocial issues related to this defect. Thus, the purpose of this study was to understand the individual life experience of cleft patients and perception of family members about this condition. A quantitative study was conducted in which 30 patients with oral clefts treated in the Specialized Society Attending Cleft Patient of Sergipe State SEAFESE were submitted to The House - Tree - Person Projective Drawing Technique protocol (H-T-P). Similarly, family members were asked about the impact of oral conditions (presence of the cleft or its correction) in the execution of eight daily activities Oral Impact on Daily Performances (OIDP). Data analysis revealed a homogeneous pattern of patients according to gender, with predominance of transincisive foramen cleft (80.0%); among the pairs, own mothers were the great majority (83.3%). In general, relatives‟ perception showed that, before the first surgery, when the cleft was open, functional dimensions for speaking and eating had considerable emphasis over the psychosocial aspects. Once restored the anatomical integrity, the talk dimension remained in the foreground, but the psychosocial activities were mentioned more often. The impact on the execution of activities was less for the current moment (after surgery), confirming the understanding that corrective surgery is fundamental to patient recovery. Whereas, the understanding of oral cleft patients‟ life experience revealed remarkably negative characteristics, ranging from a simple introversion to strong features indicative of depression. Objective data showed anxiety and insecurity features in 73.3% e 86.7% of children; the feeling of rejection was perceived in 50.0% of the sample and some characteristics ran towards an insufficient egoic development, with fragilities, in 63.3% of surveyed ones. A more specific discussion about these data showed that family members had a real understanding of the cleft physical limitations in developing some daily activities, especially related to the skills of sucking, swallowing, breathing, voice and speech, with consistency and agreement with the literature. However, there seems to be a sub-judgement of emotional aspect in detriment of organic functionality, reflecting the perception of a surgically normal being, in the view of those family members. There is indeed an emotional maladjustment of children and teens about the aspects of their physical and emotional reality, allowing to conclude that family members have a limited perception about the impact of reality on children's quality of life, restrict to the presence (at birth) or not (after surgery) of cleft, although hints of compromise have been mentioned.