Análise da presença e caracterização de lesões por queratose actínica e campo cancerizado em serviço de dermatologia de Lagarto-SE

• Autor(a) principal: Oliveira Neto, Manoelito Cardoso de
• Data de Publicação: 2023
• Tipo de documento: Trabalho de conclusão de curso
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFS
• Texto Completo: https://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/18716
• topic: Pele; Câncer; Ceratose; Ceratose solar; Neoplasias cutâneas; Exposição solar; Solar keratosis; Skin neoplasms; Sun exposure

Introduction: Actinic Keratosis (AK) is the fourth most frequent cause of dermatological consultations in Brazil. It is known that prolonged exposure to Ultraviolet (UV) Rays plays an important role in its development and that fair-skinned, immunosuppressed individuals and outdoor workers are the most susceptible. AKs can be precursors of malignant skin tumors, especially the Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC). Clinically, it is characterized by a maculopapular lesion, 0.5 to 1 cm in diameter, scaly and yellow-brown color. These patients may have multiple and confluent subclinical lesions that characterize the concept of cancerization field, a region that may be the site of new tumors. Early diagnosis of AK has been described as one of the main strategies to reduce the incidence of skin cancer and costs related to treatment. Objective: To describe the epidemiological pattern and characteristics of lesions due to Actinic Keratosis and Cancerous Field in the population of Lagarto-SE, attended at the main public service of dermatology in the city. Method: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study, with a quantitative approach, through the application of a questionnaire in the format of an interview, with a spontaneous sample, collected over a period of 12 months at the Centro de Especialidades Médicas de Lagarto-SE, with patients monitored for Actinic Keratosis and /or Cancerous Field. Results: The survey had 127 participants, the majority female (70.1%), aged over 60 years (55.8%) and white (77.2%), with Fitzpatrick's phototype II being the most frequently. Most participants worked exposed to the sun (63.8%). Of the total, 124 participants reported lesions that did not heal, with a predominance of characterization as a spot (51.6%). In addition, 99 participants (79.8%) reported having the lesions for more than 01 year and 113 (91.1%) reported some associated symptom. The most common areas affected were the face, arm, and back/shoulder. Conclusion: It was noted that the sites of distribution of the lesions, the phototypes affected, the predominant age group and the type of occupation agree with the data brought in the literature. However, in this study, most of the patients complained of associated symptoms, reported as injuries for more than 01 year, and reported having noticed changes in the injuries, which could denote a delay in the arrival of patients to the local specialized service. Further studies will be essential to identify possible causal relationships between these facts.