Soberania na Amazônia globa l: análise comparativa dos códigos florestais de Brasil e Guiana Francesa

• Autor(a) principal: Serpa, João Eduardo Colognesi
• Data de Publicação: 2018
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFS
• Texto Completo: http://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/8118
• topic: Meio ambiente; Soberania; Florestas; Legislação; Brasil; Guiana Francesa; Relações internacionais; Bem comum global; Regime internacional; Amazônia; Código florestal; Sovereignty; Global common; International regime; Amazon forest; Forestry code; OUTROS

Sovereignty is a founding principle of international relations. It shapes the way states interact and the way they address the various topics of the international political agenda. The approach to some issues, though, must be reconsidered, lest sovereignty may impose limits down on their management. The environment is one such topic, and so are the forests. It is impossible to restrict the ecological benefits that they generate to the borders of nation, to the same extent that the damages caused by forest devastation will affect the whole world. The Amazon, which has a major role in bringing balance to planet Earth, should not be claimed as the property of only few countries, but should be dealt with as a Global Common (GC). Indeed, since the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, in Stockholm, 1972, international society has been trying to make environmental governance more uniform and cohesive, sponsoring the concept of GC. State institutions and legislations have been influenced by this trend, what can be observed in the Forestry Codes of Brazil and France, two Amazon states themselves. The Forestry Codes of both countries are at the crossroad of the following factors: international interest in environmental issues and in the Amazon forest; national institutions that seek its conservation; the principles of sustainable development; and the challenges of natural resource exploitation and the use of the Amazon. Thus, this research`s main goal is to analyze and compare the Forestry Codes of Brazil and France – more specifically its overseas department of French Guiana – to conservation and sustainable use of the Amazon as a Global Common. For this, it aims to: 1- present the Amazon forest as a Global Common; 2- analyze the founding principles of Brazil`s and France`s forestry policies; 3- understand how Brazil and France, through their Codes, fight the environmental crisis in the Amazon region. Two methodologies are used. First, the comparative-historical analysis is adopted to show how Brazil`s and France`s forestry policies adapted to the international environmental regime throughout time, adjusting to the requirements of the Amazon as a Global Common. Then, the comparative-functional approach is used to contrast the two Forestry Codes and analyze their resemblances, their founding principles and the concept of sovereignty held within each one. At the end, it is possible to draw the conclusion that both countries, to varying degrees, have been shaping into the international environmental regime and that the French law is the one that is closer to treating the Amazon as a Global Common.