Caracterização físico-química e avaliação do efeito de esponjas de alginato-gelatina-ácido úsnico sobre a cicatrização em rato

• Autor(a) principal: Porto Neto, Aldino do Nascimento
• Data de Publicação: 2012
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFS
• Texto Completo: https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3849
• topic: Biomateriais; Esponjas; Ácido úsnico; Caracterização físico-química; Cicatrização; Biomaterials; Sponges; Usnic acid; Physicochemical characterization; Wound healing; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::MEDICINA

There is interest in the pharmaceutical area in the use of sponges, produced with biopolymers, as matrices for the controlled release of drugs. The biopolymers for pharmaceutical applications must have physicochemical and appropriate mechanical and biocompatibility. Alginate is a biopolymer, obtained from the alginic acid, which has been largely studied due to its ability to incorporate and promote the controlled release of drugs. Gelatin is a protein obtained by hydrolysis of collagen and has been used in obtaining produce hydrogels and sponges with therapeutic properties. Usnic acid (UA) is the most abundant metabolite of the lichen Cladonia substellata has proven antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and healing activities. In this context, the aim of this work was to physicochemical characterization and evaluate the effect of alginate-gelatin sponges, containing usnic acid on wound healing in rats. The sponges were prepared from gelatin, alginate and incorporated with usnic acid in concentrations of 1 and 5% (m/v) and freeze dried. For material characterization were used thermogravimetry/derivative thermogravimetry (TG/DTG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared absorption spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mechanical properties tests. The biological assay was performed with 36 rats divided into three groups: without treatment (CTR); treated with inert sponge (ALG/GEL); and treated with the sponge containing usnic acid 5% (AU 5%). After 7 and 14 days, six animals from each group were submitted to euthanasia for histological analysis. The average content of usnic acid was 60.03 and 97.38% for sponges in 1 and 5%, respectively. DSC analysis results show the absence of endothermic peak of UA pure, indicating that the drug was incorporated into the polymer system. TG/DTG curves corroborate with the DSC data and showed that the incorporation of usnic acid has not changed the thermal behavior of sponges. The FTIR spectra of sponges showed a sum corresponding to the event of usnic acid, alginate and gelatin bands, indicating the presence of these compounds in the system. The analysis by SEM showed that the incorporation of different concentrations of UA, in sponges promotes changes in microscopic structure, resulting in different mechanical behaviors. The biological assays in 7 days, showed an inflammatory reaction in the marginal and central portions of the wound, but ALG/ GEL and AU 5% groups, promoted an acceleration in the formation of granulation tissue. In 14 days, in the AU 5% group, was a clear reduction of the inflammatory component even in the central portion of the wound. Additionally, there was a marked reduction in vascular component, when compared to the CTR group with a homogeneous pattern of colagenization type III in the entire length of the scar. In conclusion, the incorporation of usnic acid has not changed the thermal stability of sponges and, in addition, the use of alginate-gelatin sponge and promotes the wound healing and the incorporation of the drug eases wound contraction and a homogeneous deposition of collagen, avoiding the formation of hipertrophic scars.