Ética, política e conflitos socioambientais às margens do baixo Paraguaçu

• Autor(a) principal: Guimarães, Rosemeire Maria Antonieta Motta
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UFS
• Texto Completo: https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/4050
• topic: Conflitos socioambientais; Povos tradicionais; Baixo Paraguaçu; Gestão ambiental; Recursos naturais; Conservação; Espaço, Sociedade e Meio Ambiente; Ética ambiental; Política ambiental; Posse da terra; Socio-environmental conflicts; Traditional populations; Baixo Paraguaçu; CNPQ::OUTROS

The territory of the Paraguaçu River, especially in its lower course, stands out as a scenario of conflict since its colonial occupation. They were initially caused by conflicting political and economic developments, given the coming of slaves relations - based on hand labor of Indians and Africans subjected to work in the plantations of sugar cane and tobacco - but now this conflicts imply in environmental repercussions. In this setting, it s demonstrated the existence of power division and development as legacies of the past still present in today s conflicts over access, ownership and use of natural resources involving the following segments: traditional populations inhabiting the territory, farmers and large industrial enterprises. In this sense, the thesis presented here aims to analyze the current environmental conflicts on the shores of baixo Paraguaçu; characterize power relations and the development pattern that settled in the territory; analyze opinions, questions, interests and values expressed by governmental and nongovernmental entities about environmental conflicts triggered in baixo Paraguaçu social actors; and learn how the state and municipal government deal with the traditional population when it comes to the sustainability in the area. The theoretical framework underlying this thesis has contributed to the need for analysis of the problems and impacts that start from unequal social relations on the natural environment support, and how these facts rise to disproportionate distribution of risk, to alarming levels of contamination, to the expropriation and materials (i) the material to which the population that survives in the margins and a major catchment area is exposed, as well as tries at any cost, subjugate them by the nets of power historically constituted. With regards to methodological aspects, documentary research was done by investigating sources in libraries, public archives, prosecutors and environmental agencies. The empirical research was delimited to the locations of São Francisco do Paraguaçu, Santiago do Iguape (Cachoeira), Coqueiros, Nagé, São Roque do Paraguaçu (Maragogipe), Pilar e Sinunga (São Félix); a territory in the Reconcavo Baiano history, bathed by the Paraguaçu River, contemplating its population formed by fishermen who subsists on fishing and small agriculture. In its ethnographic research, the method of data collection and especially the interpretation of these was accomplished in a mixture of knowledge from areas such as anthropology, environmental history, geography, ecology, political philosophy and sociology, in an effort to interdisciplinary cooperation with analytical and explanatory gains. After the proposed goals were achieved, it was notable the evidence of asymmetric and patrimonial relations, significantly impacting the environmental conflicts on the territory of land and water of the baixo Paraguaçu. Thus, it is also expected to contribute not only to the reflection from the elaborate grounds and put to public scrutiny in this thesis, but with discussion, elaboration and implementation of development policies focused on effective sustainability planning, attentive to the responsible management of the environment and the demands of those who have an intrinsic dependence on natural resources. In short, it is hoped that a clear purpose, "returning to the field," the possibility of traditional population - in their long quest - make the banks of the baixo Paraguaçu River their territory, effectively.