Componentes de produtividade de grãos e de atividade enzimática na cultura do milho inoculado com azospirillum brasilense em tratamento de sementes e aplicação foliar

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Müller, Tânia Maria
Data de Publicação: 2016
Tipo de documento: Tese
Idioma: por
Título da fonte: Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM
Texto Completo: http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3275
Resumo: Nitrogen (N) is the nutrient that has the greatest ability to influence and increase the productivity of grains of corn. The N is available in insufficient amounts in Brazilian soils, increasing the cost of crop production. So there is interest in using alternative sources to meet the demand of the plant, such as fixation, which is held by a group of bacteria called diazotrophic, which are able to fix nitrogen and make it available to plants. Among the most used in association with grasses is Azospirillum brasilense. Positive interaction with corn has been evaluated in several studies, however there are few studies that evaluate the foliar application, the contribution of N input and the enzymatic activity of inoculated plants. Thus the aim of the study was to establish the relationship between productivity components, enzymatic and morphological changes of different genetic bases of corn with seed inoculation and leaf of A. brasilense. This work is divided into two chapters. Chapter I aimed to establish the relationship between the hybrids and application forms of A. brasilense, unfolding the direct and indirect effects of the main components of grain yield and estimating the relative contribution of nitrogen. Therefore, we conducted experiments in 2013/14 and 2014/15 seasons, consisting of single cross hybrids, double and triple inoculated with A. brasilense via seed treatment and foliar application in growth stages V2, V4 + V2, V4 and without application of the bacteria. There was varied response as hybrid and year. In the 2013/14 harvest, grain yield was significant for the simple hybrid AG9045 applied via seed and leaf in V2. The seed inoculation showed grain yield increases for the triple hybrid BG7051 in season 2014/15. The variables in the path analysis have direct influence on grain yield, especially, the thousand grain weight. Considering the increase in hybrid it is estimated that there was accumulation of N fixed for the simple hybrid AG9045 and triple hybrid BG7051 in applications via seed and leaf in V2 and via seed, respectively. Thus it is concluded that there is no established relationship between the forms of application A. brasilense and genetics based hybrid. Chapter II aimed to evaluate the enzymatic and morphological changes of corn hybrids submitted to seed inoculation and leaf with A. brasilense. The test was composed of six corn hybrids inoculated with A. brasilense in the treatment of seeds and leaf via the V2 stage. Analyzed in shoots and roots, biochemical variables: lipid peroxidation, activity of superoxide dismutase, guaicaol peroxidase and nitrate reductase and chlorophyll content and carotenoids; and morphological leaf area, shoot dry weight, root length, projected area, surface area, diameter, volume, number of branches and dry mass of roots. The increased activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) of the shoot was the BG7060 with application V2, which prevented damage to the lipid membrane. The nitrate reductase, the shoot was most active in the control treatment, noting that the presence of bacteria reduced the activity of the enzyme. The bacteria showed to be efficient in the area of variables designed and superficial root area in the AG8025 and AG2040 hybrids. Thus, it can be seen that the hybrids have different behaviors in the presence of the bacterium, and the same positively affects the activity of antioxidant enzymes and increase the root system and plant leaf area.
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spelling 2017-05-162017-05-162016-07-26MÜLLER, Tânia Maria. Grain productivity components and enzyme activity in corn culture inoculated with azospirillum brasilense on seeds and application of treatment leaf. 2016. 85 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agronomia) - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 2016.http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3275Nitrogen (N) is the nutrient that has the greatest ability to influence and increase the productivity of grains of corn. The N is available in insufficient amounts in Brazilian soils, increasing the cost of crop production. So there is interest in using alternative sources to meet the demand of the plant, such as fixation, which is held by a group of bacteria called diazotrophic, which are able to fix nitrogen and make it available to plants. Among the most used in association with grasses is Azospirillum brasilense. Positive interaction with corn has been evaluated in several studies, however there are few studies that evaluate the foliar application, the contribution of N input and the enzymatic activity of inoculated plants. Thus the aim of the study was to establish the relationship between productivity components, enzymatic and morphological changes of different genetic bases of corn with seed inoculation and leaf of A. brasilense. This work is divided into two chapters. Chapter I aimed to establish the relationship between the hybrids and application forms of A. brasilense, unfolding the direct and indirect effects of the main components of grain yield and estimating the relative contribution of nitrogen. Therefore, we conducted experiments in 2013/14 and 2014/15 seasons, consisting of single cross hybrids, double and triple inoculated with A. brasilense via seed treatment and foliar application in growth stages V2, V4 + V2, V4 and without application of the bacteria. There was varied response as hybrid and year. In the 2013/14 harvest, grain yield was significant for the simple hybrid AG9045 applied via seed and leaf in V2. The seed inoculation showed grain yield increases for the triple hybrid BG7051 in season 2014/15. The variables in the path analysis have direct influence on grain yield, especially, the thousand grain weight. Considering the increase in hybrid it is estimated that there was accumulation of N fixed for the simple hybrid AG9045 and triple hybrid BG7051 in applications via seed and leaf in V2 and via seed, respectively. Thus it is concluded that there is no established relationship between the forms of application A. brasilense and genetics based hybrid. Chapter II aimed to evaluate the enzymatic and morphological changes of corn hybrids submitted to seed inoculation and leaf with A. brasilense. The test was composed of six corn hybrids inoculated with A. brasilense in the treatment of seeds and leaf via the V2 stage. Analyzed in shoots and roots, biochemical variables: lipid peroxidation, activity of superoxide dismutase, guaicaol peroxidase and nitrate reductase and chlorophyll content and carotenoids; and morphological leaf area, shoot dry weight, root length, projected area, surface area, diameter, volume, number of branches and dry mass of roots. The increased activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) of the shoot was the BG7060 with application V2, which prevented damage to the lipid membrane. The nitrate reductase, the shoot was most active in the control treatment, noting that the presence of bacteria reduced the activity of the enzyme. The bacteria showed to be efficient in the area of variables designed and superficial root area in the AG8025 and AG2040 hybrids. Thus, it can be seen that the hybrids have different behaviors in the presence of the bacterium, and the same positively affects the activity of antioxidant enzymes and increase the root system and plant leaf area.O nitrogênio (N) é o nutriente que tem a maior capacidade de influenciar e aumentar a produtividade de grãos da cultura do milho. O N está disponível em quantidades insuficientes nos solos brasileiros, elevando o custo de produção da cultura. Assim há o interesse na utilização de fontes alternativas para suprir a demanda da planta, como a fixação biológica, que é realizada por um grupo de bactérias denominadas diazotróficas, as quais são capazes de fixar N e disponibiliza-lo para as plantas. Dentre as mais utilizadas em associação com gramíneas está a Azospirillum brasilense. A interação positiva com o milho tem sido avaliada em diversas pesquisas, entretanto são poucos os estudos que avaliam a aplicação foliar, a contribuição no aporte de N e a atividade enzimática das plantas inoculadas. Dessa forma o objetivo do trabalho foi estabelecer relação entre os componentes de produtividade, alterações enzimáticas e morfológicos de diferentes bases genéticas de milho com a inoculação via semente e foliar de A. brasilense. O presente trabalho é dividido em dois capítulos. O Capítulo I teve o objetivo de estabelecer relação entre os híbridos de milho e formas de aplicação de A. brasilense, desdobrando os efeitos diretos e indiretos dos principais componentes da produtividade de grãos e estimando a contribuição nitrogenada relativa. Para tanto foram conduzidos experimentos nas safras 2013/14 e 2014/15, compostos por híbridos simples, duplos e triplos inoculados com A. brasilense via tratamento de sementes e via aplicação foliar, nos estádios fenológicos V2, V2+V4, V4 e sem aplicação da bactéria. Houve resposta variada conforme o híbrido e o ano. Na safra 2013/14, a produtividade de grãos foi significativa para o híbrido simples AG9045 aplicado via semente e foliar em V2. A inoculação via semente apresentou aumentos de produtividade de grãos para o híbrido triplo BG7051 na safra 2014/15. As variáveis avaliadas, na análise de trilha têm influência direta sobre a produtividade de grãos, principalmente, a massa de mil grãos. Considerando o incremento dos híbridos estima-se que houve acúmulo de N fixado para o híbrido simples AG9045 e híbrido triplo BG7051 nas aplicações via semente e foliar em V2 e via semente, respectivamente. Assim conclui-se que não há relação estabelecida entre as formas de aplicação de A. brasilense e a base genética do híbrido. O Capítulo II objetivou avaliar as alterações enzimáticas e morfológicos de híbridos de milho submetidas a inoculação via semente e foliar com A. brasilense. O ensaio foi composto por seis híbridos de milho inoculados com A. brasilense no tratamento de sementes e via foliar no estádio V2. Analisou-se, na parte aérea e em raízes, as variáveis bioquímicas: peroxidação lipídica, atividade das enzimas superóxido dismutase, guaicaol peroxidase e nitrato redutase e conteúdo de clorofila total e carotenóides; e morfológicas: área foliar, massa seca da parte aérea, comprimento de raiz, área projetada, área superficial, diâmetro, volume, número de ramificações e massa seca de raízes. A maior atividade da superóxido dismutase (SOD) da parte aérea, foi no BG7060 com aplicação em V2, o qual evitou danos nos lipídeos de membrana. A nitrato redutase, na parte aérea apresentou maior atividade no tratamento controle, observando que a presença da bactéria reduziu a atividade da enzima. A bactéria apresentou-se eficiente para as variáveis de área projetada e área superficial da raiz nos híbridos AG8025 e AG2040. Assim, pode-se observar que os híbridos têm comportamentos diferentes com a presença da bactéria, sendo que a mesma afeta positivamente a atividade das enzimas antioxidantes e aumenta o sistema radicular e a área foliar das plantas.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superiorapplication/pdfporUniversidade Federal de Santa MariaPrograma de Pós-Graduação em AgronomiaUFSMBRAgronomiaZea mays L.Fixação biológica de nitrogênioAplicação foliarEnzimas antioxidantesMorfologia radicularZea mays L.Biological nitrogen fixationFoliar applicationAntioxidant enzymesRoot morphologyCNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIAComponentes de produtividade de grãos e de atividade enzimática na cultura do milho inoculado com azospirillum brasilense em tratamento de sementes e aplicação foliarGrain productivity components and enzyme activity in corn culture inoculated with azospirillum brasilense on seeds and application of treatment leafinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisMartin, Thomas Newtonhttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4765382Y3Nunes, Ubirajara Russihttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4709066J0Tabaldi, Luciane Almerihttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4766007A6Sandini, Itacir Eloihttp://lattes.cnpq.br/2626109549950930Galon, Leandrohttp://lattes.cnpq.br/5349314062564211http://lattes.cnpq.br/2689847531517608Müller, Tânia Maria5001000000094003003003003003003009e1c6638-c7fe-4365-a605-30d9ac89ada6fd9e720f-1807-45ec-b1a9-028bd8098213dfebba6f-b674-486f-8bc0-0773e55ab5ba1db7270a-9bdf-467f-9330-a898d77cf61f81304572-9302-4a1f-bc0f-1db1bcc5a27dac5a2574-f289-4a29-8179-1dda42e0cf82info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSMinstname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)instacron:UFSMORIGINALMULLER, TANIA MARIA.pdfapplication/pdf3247395http://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/1/3275/1/MULLER%2c%20TANIA%20MARIA.pdf2a06ace2e1d54475e0bb57bacf7d6241MD51TEXTMULLER, TANIA MARIA.pdf.txtMULLER, TANIA MARIA.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain187217http://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/1/3275/2/MULLER%2c%20TANIA%20MARIA.pdf.txt5b7fdb869c545290517d4f0fd25c9403MD52THUMBNAILMULLER, TANIA MARIA.pdf.jpgMULLER, TANIA MARIA.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg4450http://repositorio.ufsm.br/bitstream/1/3275/3/MULLER%2c%20TANIA%20MARIA.pdf.jpg559b4fd4cef0b46e031377c22189fe68MD531/32752017-07-25 10:53:08.134oai:repositorio.ufsm.br:1/3275Repositório Institucionalhttp://repositorio.ufsm.br/PUBhttp://repositorio.ufsm.br/oai/requestopendoar:39132017-07-25T13:53:08Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)false
dc.title.por.fl_str_mv Componentes de produtividade de grãos e de atividade enzimática na cultura do milho inoculado com azospirillum brasilense em tratamento de sementes e aplicação foliar
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv Grain productivity components and enzyme activity in corn culture inoculated with azospirillum brasilense on seeds and application of treatment leaf
title Componentes de produtividade de grãos e de atividade enzimática na cultura do milho inoculado com azospirillum brasilense em tratamento de sementes e aplicação foliar
spellingShingle Componentes de produtividade de grãos e de atividade enzimática na cultura do milho inoculado com azospirillum brasilense em tratamento de sementes e aplicação foliar
Müller, Tânia Maria
Zea mays L.
Fixação biológica de nitrogênio
Aplicação foliar
Enzimas antioxidantes
Morfologia radicular
Zea mays L.
Biological nitrogen fixation
Foliar application
Antioxidant enzymes
Root morphology
CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA
title_short Componentes de produtividade de grãos e de atividade enzimática na cultura do milho inoculado com azospirillum brasilense em tratamento de sementes e aplicação foliar
title_full Componentes de produtividade de grãos e de atividade enzimática na cultura do milho inoculado com azospirillum brasilense em tratamento de sementes e aplicação foliar
title_fullStr Componentes de produtividade de grãos e de atividade enzimática na cultura do milho inoculado com azospirillum brasilense em tratamento de sementes e aplicação foliar
title_full_unstemmed Componentes de produtividade de grãos e de atividade enzimática na cultura do milho inoculado com azospirillum brasilense em tratamento de sementes e aplicação foliar
title_sort Componentes de produtividade de grãos e de atividade enzimática na cultura do milho inoculado com azospirillum brasilense em tratamento de sementes e aplicação foliar
author Müller, Tânia Maria
author_facet Müller, Tânia Maria
author_role author
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv Martin, Thomas Newton
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4765382Y3
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv Nunes, Ubirajara Russi
dc.contributor.referee1Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4709066J0
dc.contributor.referee2.fl_str_mv Tabaldi, Luciane Almeri
dc.contributor.referee2Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4766007A6
dc.contributor.referee3.fl_str_mv Sandini, Itacir Eloi
dc.contributor.referee3Lattes.fl_str_mv http://lattes.cnpq.br/2626109549950930
dc.contributor.referee4.fl_str_mv Galon, Leandro
dc.contributor.referee4Lattes.fl_str_mv http://lattes.cnpq.br/5349314062564211
dc.contributor.authorLattes.fl_str_mv http://lattes.cnpq.br/2689847531517608
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Müller, Tânia Maria
contributor_str_mv Martin, Thomas Newton
Nunes, Ubirajara Russi
Tabaldi, Luciane Almeri
Sandini, Itacir Eloi
Galon, Leandro
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Zea mays L.
Fixação biológica de nitrogênio
Aplicação foliar
Enzimas antioxidantes
Morfologia radicular
topic Zea mays L.
Fixação biológica de nitrogênio
Aplicação foliar
Enzimas antioxidantes
Morfologia radicular
Zea mays L.
Biological nitrogen fixation
Foliar application
Antioxidant enzymes
Root morphology
CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv Zea mays L.
Biological nitrogen fixation
Foliar application
Antioxidant enzymes
Root morphology
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA
description Nitrogen (N) is the nutrient that has the greatest ability to influence and increase the productivity of grains of corn. The N is available in insufficient amounts in Brazilian soils, increasing the cost of crop production. So there is interest in using alternative sources to meet the demand of the plant, such as fixation, which is held by a group of bacteria called diazotrophic, which are able to fix nitrogen and make it available to plants. Among the most used in association with grasses is Azospirillum brasilense. Positive interaction with corn has been evaluated in several studies, however there are few studies that evaluate the foliar application, the contribution of N input and the enzymatic activity of inoculated plants. Thus the aim of the study was to establish the relationship between productivity components, enzymatic and morphological changes of different genetic bases of corn with seed inoculation and leaf of A. brasilense. This work is divided into two chapters. Chapter I aimed to establish the relationship between the hybrids and application forms of A. brasilense, unfolding the direct and indirect effects of the main components of grain yield and estimating the relative contribution of nitrogen. Therefore, we conducted experiments in 2013/14 and 2014/15 seasons, consisting of single cross hybrids, double and triple inoculated with A. brasilense via seed treatment and foliar application in growth stages V2, V4 + V2, V4 and without application of the bacteria. There was varied response as hybrid and year. In the 2013/14 harvest, grain yield was significant for the simple hybrid AG9045 applied via seed and leaf in V2. The seed inoculation showed grain yield increases for the triple hybrid BG7051 in season 2014/15. The variables in the path analysis have direct influence on grain yield, especially, the thousand grain weight. Considering the increase in hybrid it is estimated that there was accumulation of N fixed for the simple hybrid AG9045 and triple hybrid BG7051 in applications via seed and leaf in V2 and via seed, respectively. Thus it is concluded that there is no established relationship between the forms of application A. brasilense and genetics based hybrid. Chapter II aimed to evaluate the enzymatic and morphological changes of corn hybrids submitted to seed inoculation and leaf with A. brasilense. The test was composed of six corn hybrids inoculated with A. brasilense in the treatment of seeds and leaf via the V2 stage. Analyzed in shoots and roots, biochemical variables: lipid peroxidation, activity of superoxide dismutase, guaicaol peroxidase and nitrate reductase and chlorophyll content and carotenoids; and morphological leaf area, shoot dry weight, root length, projected area, surface area, diameter, volume, number of branches and dry mass of roots. The increased activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) of the shoot was the BG7060 with application V2, which prevented damage to the lipid membrane. The nitrate reductase, the shoot was most active in the control treatment, noting that the presence of bacteria reduced the activity of the enzyme. The bacteria showed to be efficient in the area of variables designed and superficial root area in the AG8025 and AG2040 hybrids. Thus, it can be seen that the hybrids have different behaviors in the presence of the bacterium, and the same positively affects the activity of antioxidant enzymes and increase the root system and plant leaf area.
publishDate 2016
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv 2016-07-26
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv 2017-05-16
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dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv MÜLLER, Tânia Maria. Grain productivity components and enzyme activity in corn culture inoculated with azospirillum brasilense on seeds and application of treatment leaf. 2016. 85 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agronomia) - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 2016.
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3275
identifier_str_mv MÜLLER, Tânia Maria. Grain productivity components and enzyme activity in corn culture inoculated with azospirillum brasilense on seeds and application of treatment leaf. 2016. 85 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agronomia) - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 2016.
url http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3275
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