Avaliação da colmatação biológica através da atividade enzimática em filtros lentos intermitentes para uso unifamiliar
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2021 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
Texto Completo: | http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/23611 |
Resumo: | Water supply in rural communities without access to treatment is a challenge to be overcome. In this perspective, a simple, accessible and easy-to-use technology, such as the domestic biological filter, maybe a viable alternative. The study aimed to evaluate the enzymatic activity by microorganisms involved in the filtration process in intermittent slow filters. The evaluation of microbial indicators in-depth in the filter medium was carried out through enzymatic tests according to the hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate and the degradation of triphenyltetrazolium chloride, in addition to organic matter. Three columns (triplicate) were filled with Fine sand (d10 = 0.16 mm) with an initial filtration rate of 1.19 x10-4 m/s and another three columns (triplicate) with Medium sand (d10 = 0.45 mm) and initial filtration rate of 5.39 x10-4 m/s. The columns were operated with a downward flow regime and intermittent flow. Daily monitoring of raw water from a lake in a permanent preservation area and filtered water was carried out, according to physical parameters (turbidity, temperature, apparent and true color), chemical (dissolved oxygen, pH and electrical conductivity), and hydraulic (filtration rate and hydraulic conductivity), in a single filtration run (115 days). A statistical test was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) to compare means and significance using the Tukey test. Minor variations in water quality were observed during acclimatization phase of the columns. Afterwards, stability was favorable to microbiological development demonstrated with enzymatic tests. The particle size characteristics did not significantly differ between physical and chemical aspects of water quality. It was possible to notice microbiological activity along filters' depth through enzymatic assays and analysis of the organic matter related to biological clogging. Oscillation points of the identified concentrations are probably due to the particle size distribution used, which allowed the percolation of particles and microorganisms to deeper layers, resulting in internal clogging. It was found that the presence of dehydrogenase through TTC maintained oscillating concentrations in-depth. In the FDA's enzymatic hydrolysis assay, it was possible to visualize evidence of greater biological activity in the first layers of the filter media and its decay in-depth. It is concluded that under these hydraulic conditions, the filters can operate for long periods, presenting low clogging and providing a longer useful life to the filter. |
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Avaliação da colmatação biológica através da atividade enzimática em filtros lentos intermitentes para uso unifamiliarBiological clogging assessment through enzymatic activity at slow intermittent filters for domestic purposesAtividade enzimáticaFiltração lenta intermitenteDesidrogenase Cloreto Trifeniltetrazólio (TTC)Hidrólise do Diacetato de Fluoresceína (FDA)Enzymatic activitySlow sand filtrationTriphenyltetrazolium Chloride (TTC)Fluorescein Diacetate (FDA)CNPQ::OUTROS::CIENCIASWater supply in rural communities without access to treatment is a challenge to be overcome. In this perspective, a simple, accessible and easy-to-use technology, such as the domestic biological filter, maybe a viable alternative. The study aimed to evaluate the enzymatic activity by microorganisms involved in the filtration process in intermittent slow filters. The evaluation of microbial indicators in-depth in the filter medium was carried out through enzymatic tests according to the hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate and the degradation of triphenyltetrazolium chloride, in addition to organic matter. Three columns (triplicate) were filled with Fine sand (d10 = 0.16 mm) with an initial filtration rate of 1.19 x10-4 m/s and another three columns (triplicate) with Medium sand (d10 = 0.45 mm) and initial filtration rate of 5.39 x10-4 m/s. The columns were operated with a downward flow regime and intermittent flow. Daily monitoring of raw water from a lake in a permanent preservation area and filtered water was carried out, according to physical parameters (turbidity, temperature, apparent and true color), chemical (dissolved oxygen, pH and electrical conductivity), and hydraulic (filtration rate and hydraulic conductivity), in a single filtration run (115 days). A statistical test was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) to compare means and significance using the Tukey test. Minor variations in water quality were observed during acclimatization phase of the columns. Afterwards, stability was favorable to microbiological development demonstrated with enzymatic tests. The particle size characteristics did not significantly differ between physical and chemical aspects of water quality. It was possible to notice microbiological activity along filters' depth through enzymatic assays and analysis of the organic matter related to biological clogging. Oscillation points of the identified concentrations are probably due to the particle size distribution used, which allowed the percolation of particles and microorganisms to deeper layers, resulting in internal clogging. It was found that the presence of dehydrogenase through TTC maintained oscillating concentrations in-depth. In the FDA's enzymatic hydrolysis assay, it was possible to visualize evidence of greater biological activity in the first layers of the filter media and its decay in-depth. It is concluded that under these hydraulic conditions, the filters can operate for long periods, presenting low clogging and providing a longer useful life to the filter.O abastecimento de água em comunidades rurais e sem acesso a tratamento é um desafio a ser vencido. Nesta perspectiva, uma tecnologia simples, acessível e de fácil manuseio, como o filtro biológico doméstico, pode ser uma alternativa viável. O estudo objetivou a avalição de atividade enzimática por microrganismos envolvidos no processo de filtração em filtros lentos intermitentes. A avaliação dos indicadores microbianos em profundidade no meio filtrante foi realizada através de testes enzimáticos conforme a hidrólise do diacetato de fluoresceína e a degradação de cloreto trifeniltetrazólio, além de matéria orgânica. Três colunas (triplicata) foram preenchidas de Areia Fina (d10 = 0,16 mm) com taxa de filtração inicial de 1,19x10-4 m/s e outras três colunas (triplicatas) de Areia Média (d10 = 0,45 mm) e taxa de filtração inicial de 5,39x10-4 m/s. As colunas foram operadas com regime de escoamento descendente e fluxo intermitente. Realizou-se o monitoramento diário da água bruta, proveniente de um lago de área de preservação permanente, e água filtrada, conforme os parâmetros físicos (turbidez, temperatura, cor aparente e verdadeira), químicos (oxigênio dissolvido, pH e condutividade elétrica), e hidráulicos (taxa de filtração e condutividade hidráulica), em uma única carreira de filtração (115 dias). Realizou-se teste estatístico através de análise de variância (ANOVA) para comparação de médias e de significância pelo Teste de Tukey. Foram observadas pequenas variações da qualidade de água na fase de aclimatação dos pilotos. Após, apresentou-se estabilidade favorável ao desenvolvimento microbiológico demonstrado com os testes enzimáticos. As características granulométricas não exerceram diferença significativa entre aspectos físicos e químicos de qualidade da água. Através dos ensaios enzimáticos e análise de matéria orgânica, relacionados com a colmatação biológica, percebeu-se a existência de atividade microbiológica ao longo de toda a extensão dos filtros. Pontos de oscilação das concentrações identificadas se devem provavelmente à distribuição granulométrica utilizada, que permitiu a percolação de partículas e microrganismos até camadas mais profundas, resultando em colmatação interna. Constatou-se que a presença de desidrogenase através do TTC manteve concentrações oscilantes ao longo da profundidade. No ensaio enzimático da hidrólise do FDA, foi possível visualizar evidências de maior atividade biológica nas primeiras camadas do meio filtrante e seu decaimento em profundidade. Conclui-se que nestas condições hidráulicas, os filtros sejam capazes de operar por longos períodos, apresentando baixa colmatação e proporcionando uma maior vida útil ao filtro.Universidade Federal de Santa MariaBrasilCiências AmbientaisUFSMPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia AmbientalUFSM Frederico WestphalenSoares, Marcus Bruno Domingueshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/0892156896085348Medeiros , Raphael CorrêaNonato, Thyara Campos MartinsBorba, Willian Fernando dePuhl, Vanessa de Andrade2022-01-27T11:44:45Z2022-01-27T11:44:45Z2021-10-15info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisapplication/pdfhttp://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/23611porAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSMinstname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)instacron:UFSM2022-07-04T14:02:03Zoai:repositorio.ufsm.br:1/23611Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/ONGhttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/oai/requestatendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.comopendoar:2022-07-04T14:02:03Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Avaliação da colmatação biológica através da atividade enzimática em filtros lentos intermitentes para uso unifamiliar Biological clogging assessment through enzymatic activity at slow intermittent filters for domestic purposes |
title |
Avaliação da colmatação biológica através da atividade enzimática em filtros lentos intermitentes para uso unifamiliar |
spellingShingle |
Avaliação da colmatação biológica através da atividade enzimática em filtros lentos intermitentes para uso unifamiliar Puhl, Vanessa de Andrade Atividade enzimática Filtração lenta intermitente Desidrogenase Cloreto Trifeniltetrazólio (TTC) Hidrólise do Diacetato de Fluoresceína (FDA) Enzymatic activity Slow sand filtration Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride (TTC) Fluorescein Diacetate (FDA) CNPQ::OUTROS::CIENCIAS |
title_short |
Avaliação da colmatação biológica através da atividade enzimática em filtros lentos intermitentes para uso unifamiliar |
title_full |
Avaliação da colmatação biológica através da atividade enzimática em filtros lentos intermitentes para uso unifamiliar |
title_fullStr |
Avaliação da colmatação biológica através da atividade enzimática em filtros lentos intermitentes para uso unifamiliar |
title_full_unstemmed |
Avaliação da colmatação biológica através da atividade enzimática em filtros lentos intermitentes para uso unifamiliar |
title_sort |
Avaliação da colmatação biológica através da atividade enzimática em filtros lentos intermitentes para uso unifamiliar |
author |
Puhl, Vanessa de Andrade |
author_facet |
Puhl, Vanessa de Andrade |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Soares, Marcus Bruno Domingues http://lattes.cnpq.br/0892156896085348 Medeiros , Raphael Corrêa Nonato, Thyara Campos Martins Borba, Willian Fernando de |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Puhl, Vanessa de Andrade |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Atividade enzimática Filtração lenta intermitente Desidrogenase Cloreto Trifeniltetrazólio (TTC) Hidrólise do Diacetato de Fluoresceína (FDA) Enzymatic activity Slow sand filtration Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride (TTC) Fluorescein Diacetate (FDA) CNPQ::OUTROS::CIENCIAS |
topic |
Atividade enzimática Filtração lenta intermitente Desidrogenase Cloreto Trifeniltetrazólio (TTC) Hidrólise do Diacetato de Fluoresceína (FDA) Enzymatic activity Slow sand filtration Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride (TTC) Fluorescein Diacetate (FDA) CNPQ::OUTROS::CIENCIAS |
description |
Water supply in rural communities without access to treatment is a challenge to be overcome. In this perspective, a simple, accessible and easy-to-use technology, such as the domestic biological filter, maybe a viable alternative. The study aimed to evaluate the enzymatic activity by microorganisms involved in the filtration process in intermittent slow filters. The evaluation of microbial indicators in-depth in the filter medium was carried out through enzymatic tests according to the hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate and the degradation of triphenyltetrazolium chloride, in addition to organic matter. Three columns (triplicate) were filled with Fine sand (d10 = 0.16 mm) with an initial filtration rate of 1.19 x10-4 m/s and another three columns (triplicate) with Medium sand (d10 = 0.45 mm) and initial filtration rate of 5.39 x10-4 m/s. The columns were operated with a downward flow regime and intermittent flow. Daily monitoring of raw water from a lake in a permanent preservation area and filtered water was carried out, according to physical parameters (turbidity, temperature, apparent and true color), chemical (dissolved oxygen, pH and electrical conductivity), and hydraulic (filtration rate and hydraulic conductivity), in a single filtration run (115 days). A statistical test was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) to compare means and significance using the Tukey test. Minor variations in water quality were observed during acclimatization phase of the columns. Afterwards, stability was favorable to microbiological development demonstrated with enzymatic tests. The particle size characteristics did not significantly differ between physical and chemical aspects of water quality. It was possible to notice microbiological activity along filters' depth through enzymatic assays and analysis of the organic matter related to biological clogging. Oscillation points of the identified concentrations are probably due to the particle size distribution used, which allowed the percolation of particles and microorganisms to deeper layers, resulting in internal clogging. It was found that the presence of dehydrogenase through TTC maintained oscillating concentrations in-depth. In the FDA's enzymatic hydrolysis assay, it was possible to visualize evidence of greater biological activity in the first layers of the filter media and its decay in-depth. It is concluded that under these hydraulic conditions, the filters can operate for long periods, presenting low clogging and providing a longer useful life to the filter. |
publishDate |
2021 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-10-15 2022-01-27T11:44:45Z 2022-01-27T11:44:45Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
format |
masterThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/23611 |
url |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/23611 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Brasil Ciências Ambientais UFSM Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental UFSM Frederico Westphalen |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Brasil Ciências Ambientais UFSM Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental UFSM Frederico Westphalen |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM instname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) instacron:UFSM |
instname_str |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) |
instacron_str |
UFSM |
institution |
UFSM |
reponame_str |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
collection |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
atendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.com |
_version_ |
1805922139741618176 |