Descartes e a fundação do conhecimento

• Autor(a) principal: Krügel, Evani Inês
• Data de Publicação: 2009
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM
• dARK ID: ark:/26339/0013000009kpf
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9071
• topic: Deus; Entendimento; Extensão; Ideia; Pensamento; God; Understanding; Extension; Idea; Thought; CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::FILOSOFIA

This thesis studies the knowledge fundaments in modern philosophy according the French philosopher René Descartes. Through bibliographic research, we intend to explore three concepts in his work, which, despite the different times and themes that define them, show an unparalleled continuity. The methodological issue, approached in The Rules, allowed us to explain the rational conditions to human understanding (intuition and deduction) and the method. With the knowledge of nature exposed in The World, we see a new possibility to explain the universe, where matter reduced to extension becomes quantifiable and, thus, knowable. The Meditations, last text analyzed by us, support the rational knowledge, breaking with aristotelical-tomist tradition. Always searching for certainties to constitute science, we find in the I thinking the first truth of a chain of reasons, where predominate clarity and distinction. The new Philosophy offers to science the criterion of correlation trough dissimilarity, distinguishes the thinking being from the thought thing, confers objective validity to the ideas and proves the existence of God, assigning Him the creation and maintenance of the universe. This proof is considered a condition to validate knowledge.