Caracterização da variabilidade espacial das características químicas do solo e da produtividade das culturas, utilizando as ferramentas da agricultura de precisão

• Autor(a) principal: Pontelli, Charles Bolson
• Data de Publicação: 2006
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM
• dARK ID: ark:/26339/001300000tk61
• Texto Completo: http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/7543
• topic: Agricultura de precisão; Mapas de produtividade; Geoestatística; Manejo do solo; Curva de resposta; Máxima eficiência técnica; Máxima eficiência econômica; Precision agriculture; Yield maps; Geoestatistic; Soil management; Response curves; Maximum technical efficiency; Maximum economical efficiency; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA

In this work were investigated the spatial variability existent on the soil attributes utilized for soil fertility evaluation and its grade of participation on the yield crop variability. An experiment was conducted over five years (2000 to 2005) in an area of 57 ha in the municipality of Palmeira das Missões in a Latossolo Vermelho distrófico típico (EMBRAPA, 1999). Geopositioned soil samples were collected in May 2002, with a regular grid of 100x100 meters and at a depth of 0 to 10 cm. Yield data of soybean 2000/01, corn 2001/02, wheat 2002, soybean 2002/03, wheat 2003, soybean 2003/04 and corn 2004/05 were analyzed. The yield data was collected with a machine equipped with a system that take and register georeferenced data. Yield averages for each soil sample point were calculated, using yield data collected at a radius of 30 meters around the point. The yield and soil data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation Matrix. Average quadratic polynomial equations were calculated for the yields of soybean 2001/02 and 2003/03, where the nutrient pH, Organic Mater (OM), Phosphorus (P) and yield average were divided into five categories: very low (VL), low (L), mean (M), high (H) and very high (VH). For P was used categories proposed by Schlindwein (2003), for pH and OM are used categories adapted from Comissão (2004). Maximum efficiency technical (MET) and maximum economical efficiency (MEE)considering 90% of relative yield are calculated using the adjusted equations. A small correlation was found between the soil chemical attributes and the yield productivity. A negative correlation from 0,25 to 0,46 was found between the clay texture and corn yield 2005 and soybean yield 2004 respectively. The average soybean yield response to soil attributes curves shows the values of maximum technical efficiency (MTE) of the attributes in the soil. The MTE for P, pH and OM are 14,4 mg dm-3; 5.9 and 4.1%, respectively. Higher values of MTE can reduce the crop yield. The MEE for P, pH and OM are 4,4 mg dm -3; 5.5 e 3.2%, respectively.