Análise do necropercolado em diferentes meios hidrogeológicos ocupados por cemitérios
Autor(a) principal: | |
---|---|
Data de Publicação: | 2022 |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
Texto Completo: | http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/27586 |
Resumo: | Even after death, human beings continue to generate contaminants in the form of necroleachate, which may contain heavy metals and a series of other contaminants, altering the natural characteristics of water and soil. The present work aims to identify the behavior of necroleachate in cemeteries located in different hydrogeological environments and with different forms of burial in the State of Rio Grande do Sul. In this way, this work proposes a methodology for identifying the most appropriate areas for the installation of cemeteries, aiming to mitigate the negative impacts caused to the environment and public health, raising the hypothesis that takes into account that some natural characteristics are more determinant than characteristics constructive actions regarding mitigation of environmental impacts. If the natural characteristics are unfavorable, it is essential to adopt rigorous technical criteria that guarantee environmental quality. The physical characteristics of the soil were determined with granulometric analysis, the use of Guelph permeameter, and constant load in determining the permeability coefficient and saturated hydraulic conductivity respectively. To determine the water quality, Organic Matter, Dissolved Oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Turbidity, and Alkalinity were quantified. In the chemical characterization of the soil, samples were collected using a Dutch manual auger at depths of 0, 0.5, and 1.5 m and determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. A geophysical survey was carried out in order to identify the composition of the materials present in the subsoil, the depth of the water level, anomalies found, and the dimensions of the possible contamination zone. The electroresistivity method was used with the electric path technique, and the Dipole-Dipole arrangement, with intervals of 5 meters between the electrodes, the Cemetery Quality Index was also proposed as an instrument capable of identifying and characterizing the conditions in which the cemeteries meet and possible future scenarios, based on the peculiar characteristics of each cemetery and the local, natural characteristics of the environment. The case analysis was carried out in the cemeteries of Catacumba in Caçapava do Sul-RS, in the Municipal Cemetery Jardim da Saudade in Frederico Westphalen-RS, in the Cemetery Jardim da Saudade in Santa Maria-RS and in the Municipal Cemetery São Francisco in Tramandaí-RS. In the water quality analysis, for the turbidity parameter, the three municipalities where it was possible to collect samples showed values higher than the Maximum Permissible Values, the same occurred for the Biochemical Oxygen Demand. Using geophysics with the electroresistivity method and the electric path technique, possible contaminated areas were identified in the cemeteries of Caçapava do Sul-RS, Santa Maria-RS and Tramandaí-RS. After applying the Cemetery Quality Index, the cemeteries of Caçapava do Sul-RS and Frederico Westphalen-RS presented an Average condition, and Santa Maria-RS and Tramandaí-RS presented a very bad condition. It was possible to identify that sandy soils have a greater capacity for necroleach percolation, exposing groundwater to contaminants, justifying the construction of graves above ground level to mitigate these impacts. With the application of direct analysis techniques allied to the geophysical method, they proved to be an important tool for the sustainable management of areas occupied by cemeteries. |
id |
UFSM_635725132cedd3facc6cb6d87fe306f0 |
---|---|
oai_identifier_str |
oai:repositorio.ufsm.br:1/27586 |
network_acronym_str |
UFSM |
network_name_str |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
repository_id_str |
|
spelling |
Análise do necropercolado em diferentes meios hidrogeológicos ocupados por cemitériosNecroleachate analysis in different hydrogeological means occupied by cemeteriesÁgua subterrâneaContaminação do subsoloGeofísicaNecrópoleUnderground contaminationGeophysicalNecropolisGroundwaterCNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA CIVILEven after death, human beings continue to generate contaminants in the form of necroleachate, which may contain heavy metals and a series of other contaminants, altering the natural characteristics of water and soil. The present work aims to identify the behavior of necroleachate in cemeteries located in different hydrogeological environments and with different forms of burial in the State of Rio Grande do Sul. In this way, this work proposes a methodology for identifying the most appropriate areas for the installation of cemeteries, aiming to mitigate the negative impacts caused to the environment and public health, raising the hypothesis that takes into account that some natural characteristics are more determinant than characteristics constructive actions regarding mitigation of environmental impacts. If the natural characteristics are unfavorable, it is essential to adopt rigorous technical criteria that guarantee environmental quality. The physical characteristics of the soil were determined with granulometric analysis, the use of Guelph permeameter, and constant load in determining the permeability coefficient and saturated hydraulic conductivity respectively. To determine the water quality, Organic Matter, Dissolved Oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Turbidity, and Alkalinity were quantified. In the chemical characterization of the soil, samples were collected using a Dutch manual auger at depths of 0, 0.5, and 1.5 m and determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. A geophysical survey was carried out in order to identify the composition of the materials present in the subsoil, the depth of the water level, anomalies found, and the dimensions of the possible contamination zone. The electroresistivity method was used with the electric path technique, and the Dipole-Dipole arrangement, with intervals of 5 meters between the electrodes, the Cemetery Quality Index was also proposed as an instrument capable of identifying and characterizing the conditions in which the cemeteries meet and possible future scenarios, based on the peculiar characteristics of each cemetery and the local, natural characteristics of the environment. The case analysis was carried out in the cemeteries of Catacumba in Caçapava do Sul-RS, in the Municipal Cemetery Jardim da Saudade in Frederico Westphalen-RS, in the Cemetery Jardim da Saudade in Santa Maria-RS and in the Municipal Cemetery São Francisco in Tramandaí-RS. In the water quality analysis, for the turbidity parameter, the three municipalities where it was possible to collect samples showed values higher than the Maximum Permissible Values, the same occurred for the Biochemical Oxygen Demand. Using geophysics with the electroresistivity method and the electric path technique, possible contaminated areas were identified in the cemeteries of Caçapava do Sul-RS, Santa Maria-RS and Tramandaí-RS. After applying the Cemetery Quality Index, the cemeteries of Caçapava do Sul-RS and Frederico Westphalen-RS presented an Average condition, and Santa Maria-RS and Tramandaí-RS presented a very bad condition. It was possible to identify that sandy soils have a greater capacity for necroleach percolation, exposing groundwater to contaminants, justifying the construction of graves above ground level to mitigate these impacts. With the application of direct analysis techniques allied to the geophysical method, they proved to be an important tool for the sustainable management of areas occupied by cemeteries.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul - FAPERGSOs seres humanos mesmo após o óbito continuam gerando contaminantes na forma de necropercolado, que pode conter metais pesados e uma série de outros contaminantes, alterando as características naturais da água e do solo. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de identificar o comportamento do necropercolado em cemitérios localizados em diferentes meios hidrogeológicos e com diferentes formas de sepultamento no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Desta forma, esse trabalho propõe uma metodologia para a identificação de áreas mais apropriadas para instalação de cemitérios, visando mitigar os impactos negativos causados ao meio ambiente e à saúde pública, levantando a hipótese que leva em consideração que algumas características naturais são mais determinantes que características construtivas no que se refere a atenuação de impactos ambientais. Se as características naturais forem desfavoráveis, é indispensável a adoção de critérios técnicos rigorosos que garantam a qualidade ambiental. As características físicas do solo foram determinadas com a análise granulométrica, uso permeâmetro de Guelph e de carga constante na determinação do coeficiente de permeabilidade e condutividade hidráulica saturada respectivamente. Para a determinação da qualidade da água foram quantificadas a Matéria Orgânica, Oxigênio Dissolvido, Demanda Bioquimica de Oxigênio, Turbidez e Alcalinidade. Na caracterização química do solo, foram coletadas amostras com a utilização do trado manual holandês nas profundidades de 0, 0,5 e 1,5 m e determinados por Espectrometria de Absorção Atômica. Foi realizado levantamento geofísico visando identificar a composição dos materiais presentes no subsolo, a profundidade do nível da água, anomalias encontradas e as dimensões da possível zona de contaminação. Foi utilizado o método da eletrorresistividade com a técnica do caminhamento elétrico, e arranjo DipoloDipolo, com intervalos de 5 metros entre os eletrodos, também foi proposto o Índice de Qualidade de Cemitérios como um instrumento capaz de identificar e caracterizar as condições em que os cemitérios se encontram e possíveis cenários futuros, a partir de características peculiares de cada cemitério e das características locais, naturais do meio. A análise de caso foi realizada nos cemitérios da Catacumba em Caçapava do Sul-RS, no Cemitério municipal Jardim da Saudade em Frederico Westphalen-RS, no Cemitério Jardim da Saudade em Santa Maria-RS e no Cemitério Municipal São Francisco em Tramandaí-RS. Na análise de qualidade da água, para o parâmetro de turbidez os três municípios onde foi possível coletar amostras apresentaram valores superiores aos Valores Máximos Permitidos, o mesmo ocorreu para a Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio. Com uso da geofísica com método da eletrorresistividade com a técnica do caminhamento elétrico, foram identificados possíveis zonas contaminadas nos cemitérios de Caçapava do Sul-RS, Santa Maria-RS e Tramandaí-RS. Após aplicar o Índice de Qualidade de Cemitérios, os cemitérios de Caçapava do Sul-RS e Frederico Westphalen-RS apresentaram uma condição Média, e Santa Maria-RS e Tramandaí-RS apresentaram condição péssima. Foi possível identificar que solos arenosos tem uma maior capacidade de percolação do necrochorume expondo a água subterrânea a contaminantes, justificando a construção de sepulturas acima do nível do solo para mitigar esses impactos. Com a aplicação de técnicas de análise direta aliadas ao método geofísico, mostraram-se uma importante ferramenta para o gerenciamento sustentável de áreas ocupadas por cemitérios.Universidade Federal de Santa MariaBrasilEngenharia CivilUFSMPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia CivilCentro de TecnologiaPiccilli, Daniel Gustavo Allasiahttp://lattes.cnpq.br/3858010328968944Kemerich, Pedro Daniel da CunhaSilva, Mateus Guimarães daFigueiredo, Luiz Fernando Gonçalves deFries, MaximilianSwarowsky, AlexandreFernandes, Gabriel D'Avila2023-01-13T12:31:21Z2023-01-13T12:31:21Z2022-10-26info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisapplication/pdfhttp://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/27586porAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSMinstname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)instacron:UFSM2023-01-16T12:47:33Zoai:repositorio.ufsm.br:1/27586Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/ONGhttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/oai/requestatendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.comopendoar:2023-01-16T12:47:33Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Análise do necropercolado em diferentes meios hidrogeológicos ocupados por cemitérios Necroleachate analysis in different hydrogeological means occupied by cemeteries |
title |
Análise do necropercolado em diferentes meios hidrogeológicos ocupados por cemitérios |
spellingShingle |
Análise do necropercolado em diferentes meios hidrogeológicos ocupados por cemitérios Fernandes, Gabriel D'Avila Água subterrânea Contaminação do subsolo Geofísica Necrópole Underground contamination Geophysical Necropolis Groundwater CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA CIVIL |
title_short |
Análise do necropercolado em diferentes meios hidrogeológicos ocupados por cemitérios |
title_full |
Análise do necropercolado em diferentes meios hidrogeológicos ocupados por cemitérios |
title_fullStr |
Análise do necropercolado em diferentes meios hidrogeológicos ocupados por cemitérios |
title_full_unstemmed |
Análise do necropercolado em diferentes meios hidrogeológicos ocupados por cemitérios |
title_sort |
Análise do necropercolado em diferentes meios hidrogeológicos ocupados por cemitérios |
author |
Fernandes, Gabriel D'Avila |
author_facet |
Fernandes, Gabriel D'Avila |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Piccilli, Daniel Gustavo Allasia http://lattes.cnpq.br/3858010328968944 Kemerich, Pedro Daniel da Cunha Silva, Mateus Guimarães da Figueiredo, Luiz Fernando Gonçalves de Fries, Maximilian Swarowsky, Alexandre |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Fernandes, Gabriel D'Avila |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Água subterrânea Contaminação do subsolo Geofísica Necrópole Underground contamination Geophysical Necropolis Groundwater CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA CIVIL |
topic |
Água subterrânea Contaminação do subsolo Geofísica Necrópole Underground contamination Geophysical Necropolis Groundwater CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA CIVIL |
description |
Even after death, human beings continue to generate contaminants in the form of necroleachate, which may contain heavy metals and a series of other contaminants, altering the natural characteristics of water and soil. The present work aims to identify the behavior of necroleachate in cemeteries located in different hydrogeological environments and with different forms of burial in the State of Rio Grande do Sul. In this way, this work proposes a methodology for identifying the most appropriate areas for the installation of cemeteries, aiming to mitigate the negative impacts caused to the environment and public health, raising the hypothesis that takes into account that some natural characteristics are more determinant than characteristics constructive actions regarding mitigation of environmental impacts. If the natural characteristics are unfavorable, it is essential to adopt rigorous technical criteria that guarantee environmental quality. The physical characteristics of the soil were determined with granulometric analysis, the use of Guelph permeameter, and constant load in determining the permeability coefficient and saturated hydraulic conductivity respectively. To determine the water quality, Organic Matter, Dissolved Oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Turbidity, and Alkalinity were quantified. In the chemical characterization of the soil, samples were collected using a Dutch manual auger at depths of 0, 0.5, and 1.5 m and determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. A geophysical survey was carried out in order to identify the composition of the materials present in the subsoil, the depth of the water level, anomalies found, and the dimensions of the possible contamination zone. The electroresistivity method was used with the electric path technique, and the Dipole-Dipole arrangement, with intervals of 5 meters between the electrodes, the Cemetery Quality Index was also proposed as an instrument capable of identifying and characterizing the conditions in which the cemeteries meet and possible future scenarios, based on the peculiar characteristics of each cemetery and the local, natural characteristics of the environment. The case analysis was carried out in the cemeteries of Catacumba in Caçapava do Sul-RS, in the Municipal Cemetery Jardim da Saudade in Frederico Westphalen-RS, in the Cemetery Jardim da Saudade in Santa Maria-RS and in the Municipal Cemetery São Francisco in Tramandaí-RS. In the water quality analysis, for the turbidity parameter, the three municipalities where it was possible to collect samples showed values higher than the Maximum Permissible Values, the same occurred for the Biochemical Oxygen Demand. Using geophysics with the electroresistivity method and the electric path technique, possible contaminated areas were identified in the cemeteries of Caçapava do Sul-RS, Santa Maria-RS and Tramandaí-RS. After applying the Cemetery Quality Index, the cemeteries of Caçapava do Sul-RS and Frederico Westphalen-RS presented an Average condition, and Santa Maria-RS and Tramandaí-RS presented a very bad condition. It was possible to identify that sandy soils have a greater capacity for necroleach percolation, exposing groundwater to contaminants, justifying the construction of graves above ground level to mitigate these impacts. With the application of direct analysis techniques allied to the geophysical method, they proved to be an important tool for the sustainable management of areas occupied by cemeteries. |
publishDate |
2022 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-10-26 2023-01-13T12:31:21Z 2023-01-13T12:31:21Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
format |
doctoralThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/27586 |
url |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/27586 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Brasil Engenharia Civil UFSM Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil Centro de Tecnologia |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Brasil Engenharia Civil UFSM Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil Centro de Tecnologia |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM instname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) instacron:UFSM |
instname_str |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) |
instacron_str |
UFSM |
institution |
UFSM |
reponame_str |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
collection |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
atendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.com |
_version_ |
1805922119468449792 |