Decomposição de resíduos culturais de plantas de cobertura de solo e emissões de óxido nitroso

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Weiler, Douglas Adams
Data de Publicação: 2012
Tipo de documento: Dissertação
Idioma: por
Título da fonte: Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM
dARK ID: ark:/26339/00130000120h1
Texto Completo: http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5545
Resumo: The inclusion of summer cover crops (SCC) in the no-till system is an interesting alternative to promote the addition of elevated quantities of plant biomass and nitrogen (N) to the soil. The C and N dynamics during the SCC residue decomposition can control the nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes to the atmosphere. This study was carried out to quantify the SCC residue (shoot and root) decomposition, N release and N2O production after the SCC management, in order to select species that combine high biomass and N addition to the soil with low N2O emissions. The study was conducted in 2010 and 2011 from April to September, on a Typic Hapludalf, in the central region of the Rio Grande do Sul state. The SCC used in the experiment were: velvet bean (Mucuna aterrima); pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum); pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan); sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea); crotalaria (Crotalaria spectabilis) and jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). In addition, there were two fallow treatments. After the SCC management white oat (Avena sativa) and black oat (Avena strigosa) were sowed in 2010 and 2011, respectively. Each year the N fertilizer was applied only in one of the two fallow treatments. In both years the SCC residue decomposition and N release was evaluated through the mesh-bag technique and the N2O fluxes were evaluated through the static chamber technique. The C and N release dynamics followed same pattern for both the SCC shoots and roots. The highest C and N release was observed from shoot residues during first 30 days after SCC management. After 140 days, lowest C and N release from both shoot and root residues was observed from jack bean while highest was recorded for pearl millet. During this period, roots showed higher values for the remaining C and N, indicating that they can contribute relatively more significantly for the C and N accumulation in the soil. The highest N2O fluxes occurred during first 40 days after SCC management, followed by rainfall events. The C availability seems to control the N2O fluxes to the atmosphere, working directly as the energy source for the denitrifier bacteria or indirectly on the reduction of the O2 availability. The highest N2O cumulative emissions were observed during the decomposition of the crotalaria residue. The N losses as N2O were not proportional to the N addition, reaching 0.8 % of the N added by the SCC. Among SCC, the sunn hemp showed lowest values in terms of N2O emission with relation to added biomass (90 and 176 g of N-N2O Mg-1). Therefore, it can be concluded that among SCC, sunn hemp can be used to combining C and N addition to soil with low N2O emissions.
id UFSM_90cef36e7162eaec39503ded4501b672
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.ufsm.br:1/5545
network_acronym_str UFSM
network_name_str Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM
repository_id_str
spelling Decomposição de resíduos culturais de plantas de cobertura de solo e emissões de óxido nitrosoCover crops residues decomposition and nitrous oxide emissionsEfeito estufaDesnitrificaçãoComposição bioquímicaMineralizaçãoGreenhouse effectDenitrificationBiochemical compositionMineralizationCNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::CIENCIA DO SOLOThe inclusion of summer cover crops (SCC) in the no-till system is an interesting alternative to promote the addition of elevated quantities of plant biomass and nitrogen (N) to the soil. The C and N dynamics during the SCC residue decomposition can control the nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes to the atmosphere. This study was carried out to quantify the SCC residue (shoot and root) decomposition, N release and N2O production after the SCC management, in order to select species that combine high biomass and N addition to the soil with low N2O emissions. The study was conducted in 2010 and 2011 from April to September, on a Typic Hapludalf, in the central region of the Rio Grande do Sul state. The SCC used in the experiment were: velvet bean (Mucuna aterrima); pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum); pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan); sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea); crotalaria (Crotalaria spectabilis) and jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). In addition, there were two fallow treatments. After the SCC management white oat (Avena sativa) and black oat (Avena strigosa) were sowed in 2010 and 2011, respectively. Each year the N fertilizer was applied only in one of the two fallow treatments. In both years the SCC residue decomposition and N release was evaluated through the mesh-bag technique and the N2O fluxes were evaluated through the static chamber technique. The C and N release dynamics followed same pattern for both the SCC shoots and roots. The highest C and N release was observed from shoot residues during first 30 days after SCC management. After 140 days, lowest C and N release from both shoot and root residues was observed from jack bean while highest was recorded for pearl millet. During this period, roots showed higher values for the remaining C and N, indicating that they can contribute relatively more significantly for the C and N accumulation in the soil. The highest N2O fluxes occurred during first 40 days after SCC management, followed by rainfall events. The C availability seems to control the N2O fluxes to the atmosphere, working directly as the energy source for the denitrifier bacteria or indirectly on the reduction of the O2 availability. The highest N2O cumulative emissions were observed during the decomposition of the crotalaria residue. The N losses as N2O were not proportional to the N addition, reaching 0.8 % of the N added by the SCC. Among SCC, the sunn hemp showed lowest values in terms of N2O emission with relation to added biomass (90 and 176 g of N-N2O Mg-1). Therefore, it can be concluded that among SCC, sunn hemp can be used to combining C and N addition to soil with low N2O emissions.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorA inclusão de plantas de cobertura de verão (PCVs) em sistema plantio direto é uma alternativa interessante para promover a adição de elevadas quantidades de fitomassa e nitrogênio (N) ao solo. A dinâmica do C e do N durante a decomposição dos resíduos culturais das PCVs após o manejo pode controlar os fluxos de óxido nitroso (N2O) para a atmosfera. O presente estudo teve como objetivo quantificar a decomposição e liberação de N dos resíduos culturais (parte aérea e raízes) e a produção de N2O após o manejo das PCVs, de modo a selecionar espécies que combinem alto aporte de fitomassa e N ao solo com baixas emissões de N2O. O estudo foi realizado no período de abril a setembro de 2010 e 2011, em um Argissolo Vermelho Distrófico arênico, na região Central do Rio Grande do Sul. As PCVs avaliadas foram: mucuna-preta (Mucuna aterrima); milheto (Pennisetum americanum); guandu-anão (Cajanus cajan); crotalária juncea (Crotalaria juncea); crotalária spectabilis (Crotalaria spectabilis) e feijão-de-porco (Canavalia ensiformis). Além desses, foram avaliados dois tratamentos que permaneceram em pousio. A cultura de inverno semeada em sucessão às PCVs e aos pousis em 2010 foi a aveia branca (Avena sativa) e em 2011a aveia preta (Avena strigosa). Apenas a aveia semeada em um dos tratamentos em pousio recebeu adubação nitrogenada. Nos dois anos a decomposição e a liberação de N dos resíduos culturais das PCVs foram avaliadas usando a metodologia dos sacos de decomposição e os fluxos de N2O através do método da câmara estática. A dinâmica de liberação do C e do N seguiu um mesmo padrão tanto para a parte aérea quanto para as raízes das PCVs, sendo observada a maior liberação desses elementos nos primeiros 30 dias após o manejo das espécies e nos resíduos culturais da parte aérea. Aos 140 dias, após o manejo, os menores valores de C e N remanescente nos resíduos culturais (parte aérea e raízes) foram observados no feijão-de-porco, enquanto que os maiores valores verificados no milheto. No mesmo período, as raízes apresentaram maiores valores de C e N remanescente, indicando que estas podem contribuir relativamente mais significativamente para acúmulo de C e N no solo. Os maiores fluxos de N2O ocorreram nos primeiros 40 dias após o manejo, seguidos da ocorrência de precipitações pluviométricas. A disponibilidade de C parece controlar os fluxos de N2O para a atmosfera, servindo diretamente como fonte de energia para bactérias desnitrificadoras ou indiretamente na redução do O2 disponível. As maiores emissões cumulativas foram observadas durante a decomposição dos resíduos culturais da crotalária spectabilis. A perda de nitrogênio na forma de N2O não foi proporcional a adição de N, atingindo 0,80% do N adicionado pelas PCVs. Entre as leguminosas, a crotalária juncea apresentou os menores valores (90 e 176) para a relação g N-N2O Mg-1 de fitomassa adicionada e foi a espécie que melhor combina adição de C e N ao solo com baixas emissões de N2O.Universidade Federal de Santa MariaBRAgronomiaUFSMPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do SoloGiacomini, Sandro Joséhttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4794885J2Aita, Celsohttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783376P5Bayer, Ciméliohttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4727995A5Weiler, Douglas Adams2017-03-222017-03-222012-02-28info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisapplication/pdfapplication/pdfWEILER, Douglas Adams. Cover crops residues decomposition and nitrous oxide emissions. 2012. 73 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronomia) - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 2012.http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5545ark:/26339/00130000120h1porinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSMinstname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)instacron:UFSM2017-07-25T14:17:26Zoai:repositorio.ufsm.br:1/5545Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/ONGhttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/oai/requestatendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.comopendoar:2017-07-25T14:17:26Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)false
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Decomposição de resíduos culturais de plantas de cobertura de solo e emissões de óxido nitroso
Cover crops residues decomposition and nitrous oxide emissions
title Decomposição de resíduos culturais de plantas de cobertura de solo e emissões de óxido nitroso
spellingShingle Decomposição de resíduos culturais de plantas de cobertura de solo e emissões de óxido nitroso
Weiler, Douglas Adams
Efeito estufa
Desnitrificação
Composição bioquímica
Mineralização
Greenhouse effect
Denitrification
Biochemical composition
Mineralization
CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::CIENCIA DO SOLO
title_short Decomposição de resíduos culturais de plantas de cobertura de solo e emissões de óxido nitroso
title_full Decomposição de resíduos culturais de plantas de cobertura de solo e emissões de óxido nitroso
title_fullStr Decomposição de resíduos culturais de plantas de cobertura de solo e emissões de óxido nitroso
title_full_unstemmed Decomposição de resíduos culturais de plantas de cobertura de solo e emissões de óxido nitroso
title_sort Decomposição de resíduos culturais de plantas de cobertura de solo e emissões de óxido nitroso
author Weiler, Douglas Adams
author_facet Weiler, Douglas Adams
author_role author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Giacomini, Sandro José
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4794885J2
Aita, Celso
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783376P5
Bayer, Cimélio
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4727995A5
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Weiler, Douglas Adams
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Efeito estufa
Desnitrificação
Composição bioquímica
Mineralização
Greenhouse effect
Denitrification
Biochemical composition
Mineralization
CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::CIENCIA DO SOLO
topic Efeito estufa
Desnitrificação
Composição bioquímica
Mineralização
Greenhouse effect
Denitrification
Biochemical composition
Mineralization
CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::CIENCIA DO SOLO
description The inclusion of summer cover crops (SCC) in the no-till system is an interesting alternative to promote the addition of elevated quantities of plant biomass and nitrogen (N) to the soil. The C and N dynamics during the SCC residue decomposition can control the nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes to the atmosphere. This study was carried out to quantify the SCC residue (shoot and root) decomposition, N release and N2O production after the SCC management, in order to select species that combine high biomass and N addition to the soil with low N2O emissions. The study was conducted in 2010 and 2011 from April to September, on a Typic Hapludalf, in the central region of the Rio Grande do Sul state. The SCC used in the experiment were: velvet bean (Mucuna aterrima); pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum); pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan); sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea); crotalaria (Crotalaria spectabilis) and jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). In addition, there were two fallow treatments. After the SCC management white oat (Avena sativa) and black oat (Avena strigosa) were sowed in 2010 and 2011, respectively. Each year the N fertilizer was applied only in one of the two fallow treatments. In both years the SCC residue decomposition and N release was evaluated through the mesh-bag technique and the N2O fluxes were evaluated through the static chamber technique. The C and N release dynamics followed same pattern for both the SCC shoots and roots. The highest C and N release was observed from shoot residues during first 30 days after SCC management. After 140 days, lowest C and N release from both shoot and root residues was observed from jack bean while highest was recorded for pearl millet. During this period, roots showed higher values for the remaining C and N, indicating that they can contribute relatively more significantly for the C and N accumulation in the soil. The highest N2O fluxes occurred during first 40 days after SCC management, followed by rainfall events. The C availability seems to control the N2O fluxes to the atmosphere, working directly as the energy source for the denitrifier bacteria or indirectly on the reduction of the O2 availability. The highest N2O cumulative emissions were observed during the decomposition of the crotalaria residue. The N losses as N2O were not proportional to the N addition, reaching 0.8 % of the N added by the SCC. Among SCC, the sunn hemp showed lowest values in terms of N2O emission with relation to added biomass (90 and 176 g of N-N2O Mg-1). Therefore, it can be concluded that among SCC, sunn hemp can be used to combining C and N addition to soil with low N2O emissions.
publishDate 2012
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2012-02-28
2017-03-22
2017-03-22
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
format masterThesis
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv WEILER, Douglas Adams. Cover crops residues decomposition and nitrous oxide emissions. 2012. 73 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronomia) - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 2012.
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5545
dc.identifier.dark.fl_str_mv ark:/26339/00130000120h1
identifier_str_mv WEILER, Douglas Adams. Cover crops residues decomposition and nitrous oxide emissions. 2012. 73 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronomia) - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 2012.
ark:/26339/00130000120h1
url http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5545
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv por
language por
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
BR
Agronomia
UFSM
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do Solo
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
BR
Agronomia
UFSM
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do Solo
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM
instname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)
instacron:UFSM
instname_str Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)
instacron_str UFSM
institution UFSM
reponame_str Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM
collection Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM
repository.name.fl_str_mv Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)
repository.mail.fl_str_mv atendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.com
_version_ 1815172433697570816