Análise da disponibilidade de iluminação natural e artificial em salas de aula de instituição pública de ensino superior
Autor(a) principal: | |
---|---|
Data de Publicação: | 2013 |
Tipo de documento: | Dissertação |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
Texto Completo: | http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/7832 |
Resumo: | The classrooms are the more permanent environments at schools; therefore their thermal, visual and acoustic characteristics must be carefully considered. Visual comfort can be achieved only with daylighting; artificial lighting is necessary when the daylighting is insufficient. The artificial lighting is responsible for high energy consumption in buildings. According to Klüsener (2009), who analysed a building of UFSM in accordance with Brazilian energy efficiency standards (RTQ-C), the artificial lighting systems reached the level E (on a A-E scale). In general, simple actions could be improving the energy efficiency of the building lighting system. Considering that the university buildings have a similar performance, the adaptation of lighting systems is important for low-energy consumption. This study aims to define classrooms guidelines for visual comfort in accordance with illuminance levels available and their distribution on the work surface where tasks are performed, as well as the energy efficiency of the classrooms lighting systems. The classrooms were selected to represent the existing universe buildings. The classrooms were characterized with regard to dimensions, surface light reflections, opening systems, solar orientation, sun shading systems, external obstructions and artificial electrical lighting systems. The illuminance levels were measured in two classrooms simultaneously with Instrutherm luximeters, model LDR 225. The measurements were in accordance with the Brazilian standards (NBR 15215) and were carried out at six points on an orthogonal grid. A comparative analysis was made for the classrooms that were simultaneously measured. Additionally the partial RTQ-C lighting criteria were applied on the classrooms lighting systems and the theoretical external illuminance levels were calculated in order to generate the daylight factor (DF). The results pointed that the internal daylight distribution is affected by external obstructions that reduce the portion of visible sky and these are not considered in the windows design. For simultaneous daylighting and artificial lighting, the illuminance levels are excessive and poorly distributed; consequently they cause high energy consumption. The existence of unnecessary sun shading systems, for southern solar orientations and for windows with complete sky obstructions, contributes for the insufficient classrooms illuminance levels. The RTQ-C criteria analysis point levels E and C for the classrooms. In general, the DF do not correspond to expected values indicated by international recommendations. |
id |
UFSM_b102cc4a97439693ed8ffe46610c761a |
---|---|
oai_identifier_str |
oai:repositorio.ufsm.br:1/7832 |
network_acronym_str |
UFSM |
network_name_str |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
repository_id_str |
|
spelling |
Análise da disponibilidade de iluminação natural e artificial em salas de aula de instituição pública de ensino superiorAnalysis of availability of natural and artificial lighting in classrooms in public institution of higher educationConforto visualEficiência energéticaSistemas de iluminaçãoSalas de aulaVisual comfortEnergy efficiencyLighting systemsClassroomsCNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA CIVILThe classrooms are the more permanent environments at schools; therefore their thermal, visual and acoustic characteristics must be carefully considered. Visual comfort can be achieved only with daylighting; artificial lighting is necessary when the daylighting is insufficient. The artificial lighting is responsible for high energy consumption in buildings. According to Klüsener (2009), who analysed a building of UFSM in accordance with Brazilian energy efficiency standards (RTQ-C), the artificial lighting systems reached the level E (on a A-E scale). In general, simple actions could be improving the energy efficiency of the building lighting system. Considering that the university buildings have a similar performance, the adaptation of lighting systems is important for low-energy consumption. This study aims to define classrooms guidelines for visual comfort in accordance with illuminance levels available and their distribution on the work surface where tasks are performed, as well as the energy efficiency of the classrooms lighting systems. The classrooms were selected to represent the existing universe buildings. The classrooms were characterized with regard to dimensions, surface light reflections, opening systems, solar orientation, sun shading systems, external obstructions and artificial electrical lighting systems. The illuminance levels were measured in two classrooms simultaneously with Instrutherm luximeters, model LDR 225. The measurements were in accordance with the Brazilian standards (NBR 15215) and were carried out at six points on an orthogonal grid. A comparative analysis was made for the classrooms that were simultaneously measured. Additionally the partial RTQ-C lighting criteria were applied on the classrooms lighting systems and the theoretical external illuminance levels were calculated in order to generate the daylight factor (DF). The results pointed that the internal daylight distribution is affected by external obstructions that reduce the portion of visible sky and these are not considered in the windows design. For simultaneous daylighting and artificial lighting, the illuminance levels are excessive and poorly distributed; consequently they cause high energy consumption. The existence of unnecessary sun shading systems, for southern solar orientations and for windows with complete sky obstructions, contributes for the insufficient classrooms illuminance levels. The RTQ-C criteria analysis point levels E and C for the classrooms. In general, the DF do not correspond to expected values indicated by international recommendations.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorAs salas de aula, por serem ambientes de maior permanência dos alunos, devem possuir condições de conforto térmico, visual e acústico adequadas. O conforto visual pode ser obtido com a iluminação natural ou com auxilio da artificial quando a natural não é suficiente. Quando se utiliza a iluminação artificial, existe a preocupação com o consumo energético da edificação. Segundo estudos realizados por Klüsener (2009), que aplicou o Regulamento Técnico da Qualidade para Etiquetagem do Nível de Eficiência Energética de Edifícios (RTQ-C) em uma edificação do campus da UFSM em Camobi, o sistema de iluminação é de baixa eficiência energética, tendo atingido o nível E. No entanto, segundo o mesmo estudo, existe um potencial para a melhoria da eficiência energética a partir de ações simples. Partindo-se do pressuposto que as outras edificações da universidade possuem um desempenho semelhante, percebe-se a importância de adequar os seus sistemas de iluminação a fim de reduzir o consumo de energia. Esse trabalho tem como objetivo apontar diretrizes que visem o conforto visual no que diz respeito aos níveis de iluminância disponíveis e sua distribuição no ambiente, bem como à eficiência energética de sistemas de iluminação de salas de aula. Para isso, foram selecionadas salas de aula que fossem representativas do universo existente no campus. Após, foram feitos os levantamentos de suas características físicas (dimensões, cores das superfícies, tipos de aberturas, orientação solar, tipos de proteções solares, presença de obstruções externas, tipos e distribuição de luminárias e lâmpadas) e foram realizadas medições in loco com luxímetros digitais da marca Instrutherm, modelo LDR 225 e segundo recomendações da NBR 15215 (ABNT, 2005d). Também foi feita uma análise parcial segundo os Requisitos Técnicos da Qualidade para o Nível de Eficiência Energética de Edifícios Comerciais, de Serviços e Públicos (RTQ-C) e uma análise comparativa entre os níveis de iluminância medidos e os coeficientes de contribuição de iluminação natural (CIN) estimados. Com os resultados obtidos, verificou-se que a distribuição da iluminação natural é afetada por condições do entorno que causam obstruções do céu visível, não sendo consideradas no projeto das aberturas. Nas medições com iluminação natural mais artificial, os níveis são excessivos e mal distribuídos, causando consumo desnecessário de energia. As proteções solares presentes nas orientações a norte desconsideram as condições do entorno. A avaliação parcial através da aplicação dos requisitos específicos do RTQ-C para os sistemas de iluminação resultou em nível E para as salas do CE e em nível C para as outras. Os CIN calculados em grande parte do tempo não corresponderam aos valores teóricos esperados para salas de aula, conforme literatura.Universidade Federal de Santa MariaBREngenharia CivilUFSMPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia CivilGrigoletti, Giane de Camposhttp://lattes.cnpq.br/9725292275606192Correa, Celina Maria Brittohttp://lattes.cnpq.br/2741252699364572Santos, Joaquim Cesar Pizzutti doshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/6591314076760539Mansilha, Raquel Brandão2014-09-152014-09-152013-06-20info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisapplication/pdfapplication/pdfMANSILHA, Raquel Brandão. Analysis of availability of natural and artificial lighting in classrooms in public institution of higher education. 2013. 188 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Civil) - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 2013.http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/7832porinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSMinstname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)instacron:UFSM2023-06-12T12:30:38Zoai:repositorio.ufsm.br:1/7832Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/ONGhttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/oai/requestatendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.comopendoar:2023-06-12T12:30:38Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Análise da disponibilidade de iluminação natural e artificial em salas de aula de instituição pública de ensino superior Analysis of availability of natural and artificial lighting in classrooms in public institution of higher education |
title |
Análise da disponibilidade de iluminação natural e artificial em salas de aula de instituição pública de ensino superior |
spellingShingle |
Análise da disponibilidade de iluminação natural e artificial em salas de aula de instituição pública de ensino superior Mansilha, Raquel Brandão Conforto visual Eficiência energética Sistemas de iluminação Salas de aula Visual comfort Energy efficiency Lighting systems Classrooms CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA CIVIL |
title_short |
Análise da disponibilidade de iluminação natural e artificial em salas de aula de instituição pública de ensino superior |
title_full |
Análise da disponibilidade de iluminação natural e artificial em salas de aula de instituição pública de ensino superior |
title_fullStr |
Análise da disponibilidade de iluminação natural e artificial em salas de aula de instituição pública de ensino superior |
title_full_unstemmed |
Análise da disponibilidade de iluminação natural e artificial em salas de aula de instituição pública de ensino superior |
title_sort |
Análise da disponibilidade de iluminação natural e artificial em salas de aula de instituição pública de ensino superior |
author |
Mansilha, Raquel Brandão |
author_facet |
Mansilha, Raquel Brandão |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Grigoletti, Giane de Campos http://lattes.cnpq.br/9725292275606192 Correa, Celina Maria Britto http://lattes.cnpq.br/2741252699364572 Santos, Joaquim Cesar Pizzutti dos http://lattes.cnpq.br/6591314076760539 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Mansilha, Raquel Brandão |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Conforto visual Eficiência energética Sistemas de iluminação Salas de aula Visual comfort Energy efficiency Lighting systems Classrooms CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA CIVIL |
topic |
Conforto visual Eficiência energética Sistemas de iluminação Salas de aula Visual comfort Energy efficiency Lighting systems Classrooms CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA CIVIL |
description |
The classrooms are the more permanent environments at schools; therefore their thermal, visual and acoustic characteristics must be carefully considered. Visual comfort can be achieved only with daylighting; artificial lighting is necessary when the daylighting is insufficient. The artificial lighting is responsible for high energy consumption in buildings. According to Klüsener (2009), who analysed a building of UFSM in accordance with Brazilian energy efficiency standards (RTQ-C), the artificial lighting systems reached the level E (on a A-E scale). In general, simple actions could be improving the energy efficiency of the building lighting system. Considering that the university buildings have a similar performance, the adaptation of lighting systems is important for low-energy consumption. This study aims to define classrooms guidelines for visual comfort in accordance with illuminance levels available and their distribution on the work surface where tasks are performed, as well as the energy efficiency of the classrooms lighting systems. The classrooms were selected to represent the existing universe buildings. The classrooms were characterized with regard to dimensions, surface light reflections, opening systems, solar orientation, sun shading systems, external obstructions and artificial electrical lighting systems. The illuminance levels were measured in two classrooms simultaneously with Instrutherm luximeters, model LDR 225. The measurements were in accordance with the Brazilian standards (NBR 15215) and were carried out at six points on an orthogonal grid. A comparative analysis was made for the classrooms that were simultaneously measured. Additionally the partial RTQ-C lighting criteria were applied on the classrooms lighting systems and the theoretical external illuminance levels were calculated in order to generate the daylight factor (DF). The results pointed that the internal daylight distribution is affected by external obstructions that reduce the portion of visible sky and these are not considered in the windows design. For simultaneous daylighting and artificial lighting, the illuminance levels are excessive and poorly distributed; consequently they cause high energy consumption. The existence of unnecessary sun shading systems, for southern solar orientations and for windows with complete sky obstructions, contributes for the insufficient classrooms illuminance levels. The RTQ-C criteria analysis point levels E and C for the classrooms. In general, the DF do not correspond to expected values indicated by international recommendations. |
publishDate |
2013 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2013-06-20 2014-09-15 2014-09-15 |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
format |
masterThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
MANSILHA, Raquel Brandão. Analysis of availability of natural and artificial lighting in classrooms in public institution of higher education. 2013. 188 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Civil) - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/7832 |
identifier_str_mv |
MANSILHA, Raquel Brandão. Analysis of availability of natural and artificial lighting in classrooms in public institution of higher education. 2013. 188 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Civil) - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 2013. |
url |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/7832 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria BR Engenharia Civil UFSM Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria BR Engenharia Civil UFSM Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM instname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) instacron:UFSM |
instname_str |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) |
instacron_str |
UFSM |
institution |
UFSM |
reponame_str |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
collection |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
atendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.com |
_version_ |
1805922102372466688 |