Aspectos taxonômicos, ecológicos e evolutivos em drosofilídeos neotropicais
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2015 |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
Texto Completo: | http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/17564 |
Resumo: | Drosophila melanogaster is a known model organism that has prompted studies in diverse fields of knowledge and helped in the scientific advance of several fields. However, Drosophilidae, the family in which this species is inserted, is extremely speciose, being composed by more than 4,200 species, most of which with deficient or absent knowledge, besides many unknown species. Even hypothesis concerning the evolution of the group which were formulated in 1975 were not yet properly tested. Therefore, the present thesis aims to fill some of these gaps by testing the hypothesis of radiation proposed by THROCKMORTON (1975) in different taxonomic groups of drosophilids, in order to determine if they evolved through adaptative radiations or are merely taxonomic groups with difficult phylogenetic resolution. So, in chapter 1, species encompassing the virilis-repleta and tripunctata lineages of the Drosophila subgenus were used, and the results have shown that the evolution of this group is more complex than previously proposed, with the first lineage presenting signs of niche conservatism and the second being compatible with the occurrence of an adaptive radiation. In chapter 2, we also found signs of abiotic niche conservatism between mycophylic species belonging to Zygothrica genus group that use fungal fruitification bodies as resource for feeding, oviposition and/or breeding. Also in this chapter, we contributed to the knowledge of the family diversity by expanding the records and modeling the potential distribution of several species of Hirtodrosophila, Paraliodrosophila, Mycodrosophila and Zygothrica recorded in Brazil. Besides, through the niche modeling approach, we showed that some species of these genera seem to be susceptible to the world climatic changes due to the abiotic factors which limit their distribution and the response curves presented by each species. In chapter 3, we explored the diversity of species of the Zygothrica genus group and the effectiveness of the DNA barcode methodology in their taxonomic exploitation. In this case, we demonstrated the presence of a great cryptic diversity of representatives of the Zygothrica genus group in the Neotropics, with the record of at least 24 putative new species. Besides, we also showed the huge potential of this methodology in the identification and species discovery in this group. In chapter 4, we explored the Mycodrosophila genus, principally the M. projectans complex, which showed to be an interesting group to the study of speciation due to the frequent presence of the cryptic diversity in sympatry and syntopy. These works highlighted how much some interesting aspects and groups of Drosophilidae have been neglected, and call attention to the fact that these are fundamental aspects to the understanding of taxonomy, ecology and evolution not just of the focused groups, but also of the premier model species of evolutionary biology, D. melanogaster. |
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Aspectos taxonômicos, ecológicos e evolutivos em drosofilídeos neotropicaisTaxonomic, ecological and evolutionary aspects in neotropical drosophilidsConservadorismo de nichoDNA barcodeDiversidade crípticaDrosofilídeos micofílicosEspeciaçãoHirtodrosophilaModelagem de nichoMycodrosophilaParaliodrosophilaRadiaçãoTripunctataVirilis-repletaZygothricaCryptic diversityMycophylic drosophilidsNiche conservatismNiche modelingRadiationSpeciationTripunctataVirilisrepletaCNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BIOQUIMICADrosophila melanogaster is a known model organism that has prompted studies in diverse fields of knowledge and helped in the scientific advance of several fields. However, Drosophilidae, the family in which this species is inserted, is extremely speciose, being composed by more than 4,200 species, most of which with deficient or absent knowledge, besides many unknown species. Even hypothesis concerning the evolution of the group which were formulated in 1975 were not yet properly tested. Therefore, the present thesis aims to fill some of these gaps by testing the hypothesis of radiation proposed by THROCKMORTON (1975) in different taxonomic groups of drosophilids, in order to determine if they evolved through adaptative radiations or are merely taxonomic groups with difficult phylogenetic resolution. So, in chapter 1, species encompassing the virilis-repleta and tripunctata lineages of the Drosophila subgenus were used, and the results have shown that the evolution of this group is more complex than previously proposed, with the first lineage presenting signs of niche conservatism and the second being compatible with the occurrence of an adaptive radiation. In chapter 2, we also found signs of abiotic niche conservatism between mycophylic species belonging to Zygothrica genus group that use fungal fruitification bodies as resource for feeding, oviposition and/or breeding. Also in this chapter, we contributed to the knowledge of the family diversity by expanding the records and modeling the potential distribution of several species of Hirtodrosophila, Paraliodrosophila, Mycodrosophila and Zygothrica recorded in Brazil. Besides, through the niche modeling approach, we showed that some species of these genera seem to be susceptible to the world climatic changes due to the abiotic factors which limit their distribution and the response curves presented by each species. In chapter 3, we explored the diversity of species of the Zygothrica genus group and the effectiveness of the DNA barcode methodology in their taxonomic exploitation. In this case, we demonstrated the presence of a great cryptic diversity of representatives of the Zygothrica genus group in the Neotropics, with the record of at least 24 putative new species. Besides, we also showed the huge potential of this methodology in the identification and species discovery in this group. In chapter 4, we explored the Mycodrosophila genus, principally the M. projectans complex, which showed to be an interesting group to the study of speciation due to the frequent presence of the cryptic diversity in sympatry and syntopy. These works highlighted how much some interesting aspects and groups of Drosophilidae have been neglected, and call attention to the fact that these are fundamental aspects to the understanding of taxonomy, ecology and evolution not just of the focused groups, but also of the premier model species of evolutionary biology, D. melanogaster.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESDrosophila melanogaster é um conhecido organismo modelo que tem incitado estudos em diversos campos do conhecimento e auxiliado no avanço científico em várias áreas. Contudo, Drosophilidae, a família na qual essa espécie está inserida, é extremamente especiosa, sendo composta por mais de 4.200 espécies, a maioria das quais com conhecimento deficitário ou inexistente, além de muitas outras espécies desconhecidas. Mesmo hipóteses acerca da evolução do grupo formuladas em 1975 não foram ainda devidamente testadas. Dessa forma, a presente tese pretende preencher parte dessas lacunas testando a hipótese das radiações proposta por THROCKMORTON (1975) em diferentes grupos taxonômicos de drosofilídeos, a fim de definir se os mesmos evoluíram através de radiações adaptativas ou são meramente grupos taxonômicos de difícil resolução filogenética. Para isso, no capítulo 1, foram utilizadas espécies pertencentes às linhagens virilis-repleta e tripunctata do subgênero Drosophila, e os resultados mostram que a evolução do grupo parece ser mais complexa do que previamente proposto, com a primeira linhagem apresentando sinais de conservadorismo de nicho e a segunda sendo compatível com a ocorrência de uma radiação adaptativa. No capítulo 2 também foram encontrados sinais de conservação de nicho abiótico entre diferentes espécies micofílicas pertencentes ao grupo genérico Zygothrica, que utilizam corpos de frutificação de fungos macroscópicos como recurso para alimentação, oviposição e/ou cópula. Em outra frente, também no capítulo 2, visando contribuir para o conhecimento da diversidade da família, expandimos o número de registros e modelamos a distribuição potencial de várias espécies de Hirtodrosophila, Paraliodrosophila, Mycodrosophila e Zygothrica registradas no Brasil, e mostramos através da modelagem de nicho que algumas espécies desses gêneros parecem ser suscetíveis às mudanças climáticas globais devido aos fatores abióticos limitantes de sua distribuição e às curvas de resposta apresentadas por cada espécie. Já no capítulo 3, exploramos a diversidade de espécies do grupo genérico Zygothrica e a efetividade da metodologia do DNA barcode na exploração taxonômica do mesmo. Neste caso, demonstramos a presença de uma grande diversidade críptica de representantes do grupo genérico Zygothrica nos Neotrópicos, com registro de pelo menos 24 potenciais espécies novas. Além disso, também demonstramos o enorme potencial da tecnologia de DNA barcode na identificação e descoberta destas espécies. No capítulo 4 exploramos o gênero Mycodrosophila, sobretudo o complexo de M. projectans, que se mostrou um interessante grupo para o estudo de especiação, devido à presença frequente de casos de diversidade críptica em simpatria e sintopia. Esses trabalhos ressaltam o quanto alguns aspectos e grupos interessantes da família têm sido negligenciados, e chamam a atenção para o fato de que estes aspectos são fundamentais para a compreensão da taxonomia, da ecologia e da evolução não apenas dos grupos em foco, mas da própria espécie modelo premier da biologia evolutiva, D. melanogaster.Universidade Federal de Santa MariaBrasilBioquímicaUFSMPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade AnimalCentro de Ciências Naturais e ExatasRobe, Lizandra Jaquelinehttp://lattes.cnpq.br/0384455492228279Schmitz, Hermes Joséhttp://lattes.cnpq.br/2713083948048472Cordeiro, Julianahttp://lattes.cnpq.br/7801464080743088Gaiesky, Vera Lúcia da Silva Valentehttp://lattes.cnpq.br/6961824868832863Graichen, Daniel Ângelo Sganzerlahttp://lattes.cnpq.br/0162800772752430Machado, Stela2019-07-25T22:34:21Z2019-07-25T22:34:21Z2015-05-27info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisapplication/pdfhttp://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/17564porAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSMinstname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)instacron:UFSM2019-07-26T06:02:15Zoai:repositorio.ufsm.br:1/17564Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertaçõeshttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/ONGhttps://repositorio.ufsm.br/oai/requestatendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.comopendoar:2019-07-26T06:02:15Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)false |
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv |
Aspectos taxonômicos, ecológicos e evolutivos em drosofilídeos neotropicais Taxonomic, ecological and evolutionary aspects in neotropical drosophilids |
title |
Aspectos taxonômicos, ecológicos e evolutivos em drosofilídeos neotropicais |
spellingShingle |
Aspectos taxonômicos, ecológicos e evolutivos em drosofilídeos neotropicais Machado, Stela Conservadorismo de nicho DNA barcode Diversidade críptica Drosofilídeos micofílicos Especiação Hirtodrosophila Modelagem de nicho Mycodrosophila Paraliodrosophila Radiação Tripunctata Virilis-repleta Zygothrica Cryptic diversity Mycophylic drosophilids Niche conservatism Niche modeling Radiation Speciation Tripunctata Virilisrepleta CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BIOQUIMICA |
title_short |
Aspectos taxonômicos, ecológicos e evolutivos em drosofilídeos neotropicais |
title_full |
Aspectos taxonômicos, ecológicos e evolutivos em drosofilídeos neotropicais |
title_fullStr |
Aspectos taxonômicos, ecológicos e evolutivos em drosofilídeos neotropicais |
title_full_unstemmed |
Aspectos taxonômicos, ecológicos e evolutivos em drosofilídeos neotropicais |
title_sort |
Aspectos taxonômicos, ecológicos e evolutivos em drosofilídeos neotropicais |
author |
Machado, Stela |
author_facet |
Machado, Stela |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv |
Robe, Lizandra Jaqueline http://lattes.cnpq.br/0384455492228279 Schmitz, Hermes José http://lattes.cnpq.br/2713083948048472 Cordeiro, Juliana http://lattes.cnpq.br/7801464080743088 Gaiesky, Vera Lúcia da Silva Valente http://lattes.cnpq.br/6961824868832863 Graichen, Daniel Ângelo Sganzerla http://lattes.cnpq.br/0162800772752430 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Machado, Stela |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Conservadorismo de nicho DNA barcode Diversidade críptica Drosofilídeos micofílicos Especiação Hirtodrosophila Modelagem de nicho Mycodrosophila Paraliodrosophila Radiação Tripunctata Virilis-repleta Zygothrica Cryptic diversity Mycophylic drosophilids Niche conservatism Niche modeling Radiation Speciation Tripunctata Virilisrepleta CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BIOQUIMICA |
topic |
Conservadorismo de nicho DNA barcode Diversidade críptica Drosofilídeos micofílicos Especiação Hirtodrosophila Modelagem de nicho Mycodrosophila Paraliodrosophila Radiação Tripunctata Virilis-repleta Zygothrica Cryptic diversity Mycophylic drosophilids Niche conservatism Niche modeling Radiation Speciation Tripunctata Virilisrepleta CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BIOQUIMICA |
description |
Drosophila melanogaster is a known model organism that has prompted studies in diverse fields of knowledge and helped in the scientific advance of several fields. However, Drosophilidae, the family in which this species is inserted, is extremely speciose, being composed by more than 4,200 species, most of which with deficient or absent knowledge, besides many unknown species. Even hypothesis concerning the evolution of the group which were formulated in 1975 were not yet properly tested. Therefore, the present thesis aims to fill some of these gaps by testing the hypothesis of radiation proposed by THROCKMORTON (1975) in different taxonomic groups of drosophilids, in order to determine if they evolved through adaptative radiations or are merely taxonomic groups with difficult phylogenetic resolution. So, in chapter 1, species encompassing the virilis-repleta and tripunctata lineages of the Drosophila subgenus were used, and the results have shown that the evolution of this group is more complex than previously proposed, with the first lineage presenting signs of niche conservatism and the second being compatible with the occurrence of an adaptive radiation. In chapter 2, we also found signs of abiotic niche conservatism between mycophylic species belonging to Zygothrica genus group that use fungal fruitification bodies as resource for feeding, oviposition and/or breeding. Also in this chapter, we contributed to the knowledge of the family diversity by expanding the records and modeling the potential distribution of several species of Hirtodrosophila, Paraliodrosophila, Mycodrosophila and Zygothrica recorded in Brazil. Besides, through the niche modeling approach, we showed that some species of these genera seem to be susceptible to the world climatic changes due to the abiotic factors which limit their distribution and the response curves presented by each species. In chapter 3, we explored the diversity of species of the Zygothrica genus group and the effectiveness of the DNA barcode methodology in their taxonomic exploitation. In this case, we demonstrated the presence of a great cryptic diversity of representatives of the Zygothrica genus group in the Neotropics, with the record of at least 24 putative new species. Besides, we also showed the huge potential of this methodology in the identification and species discovery in this group. In chapter 4, we explored the Mycodrosophila genus, principally the M. projectans complex, which showed to be an interesting group to the study of speciation due to the frequent presence of the cryptic diversity in sympatry and syntopy. These works highlighted how much some interesting aspects and groups of Drosophilidae have been neglected, and call attention to the fact that these are fundamental aspects to the understanding of taxonomy, ecology and evolution not just of the focused groups, but also of the premier model species of evolutionary biology, D. melanogaster. |
publishDate |
2015 |
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv |
2015-05-27 2019-07-25T22:34:21Z 2019-07-25T22:34:21Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
format |
doctoralThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/17564 |
url |
http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/17564 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Brasil Bioquímica UFSM Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Brasil Bioquímica UFSM Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas |
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM instname:Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) instacron:UFSM |
instname_str |
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) |
instacron_str |
UFSM |
institution |
UFSM |
reponame_str |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
collection |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Manancial - Repositório Digital da UFSM - Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
atendimento.sib@ufsm.br||tedebc@gmail.com |
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1805922024873263104 |