Impressões digitais latentes - a química na revelação e análise dessas importantes ferramentas de identificação

• Autor(a) principal: Santos, Beatriz Galdino dos [UNIFESP]
• Data de Publicação: 2023
• Tipo de documento: Trabalho de conclusão de curso
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UNIFESP
• Texto Completo: https://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/70669
• topic: Forensic chemistry; Fingerprints; Latent fingerprints; Latent fingerprint revealers; Química forense; Digitais latentes; Reveladores de impressões digitais latentes; Impressões digitais

Forensic science is an interdisciplinary area that assists in civil and criminal investigation, using scientific methods to solve crimes and its use has become increasingly important. Dactyloscopy, which studies the fingerprint, has been used as an identification tool at crime scenes for many years, as it is an element that individualizes people, because each fingerprint is unique. The application of forensic chemistry to dactyloscopy became a natural path as analytical possibilities and recognition of operating mechanisms advanced. Fingerprints (FP) found at crime scenes can be diverse, such as: visible, latent and cropped. The visible ones just need to be collected, the cropped ones are not always capable of analysis; the latent ones are hidden, requiring the use of revealing agents/developers to identify them. Developers can react with the substance of the FP or adhere to them through intermolecular forces, this depends on the age of the FP, the type of surface and the fingerprint material. This study carried out a bibliographical survey of books and scientific articles related to the revelation of latent fingerprints (LFP), where they were analyzed and categorized, seeking to understand the action mechanisms involved, as well as the comparison between the methods, by surveying the respective advantages and disadvantages and application possibilities. It was identified that on porous surfaces the most common developer is the Reactions with Amino acids, which Indanetrione proved to be more sensitive, and when these surfaces are wet the Physical Developer is the most indicated, despite having good substitutes for it. While on non-porous surfaces the different Powders, Cyanoacrylate Ester Vapor and Small Particle Reagent stand out for their development quality. The trends in this area can be concluded due to the existence of a great diversity of studies already carried out, the abundance of developers and their applications on different surfaces and environmental conditions; in addition to presenting a critical analysis of proven bibliographies.