Perfil de competências do preceptor fisioterapeuta da residência multiprofissional em saúde de uma instituição de saúde privada

• Autor(a) principal: Suzuki, Juliana Luri Noda [UNIFESP]
• Data de Publicação: 2021
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UNIFESP
• Texto Completo: https://sucupira.capes.gov.br/sucupira/public/consultas/coleta/trabalhoConclusao/viewTrabalhoConclusao.jsf?popup=true&id_trabalho=11495779; https://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/68068
• topic: Preceptorship; Competences; Multiprofessional Health Residence; Physiotherapy; Preceptoria; Competências; Residência Multiprofissional Em Saúde; Fisioterapia

Introduction: The preceptor does a direct supervision of the practical activities carried out by residents, in learning services environments in health care, promoting the integration between residents and between them and multidisciplinary team, bringing theory and practice closer together. However, it is quite common that health professionals, not just physical therapists, assume the preceptorship due to the need for the service and act in the role for personal fulfillment. The lack of prior specific training makes the preceptor act empirically, in an educational path that he believes to be the correct one, through success and error, replicating examples that he believes will result in success. Objectives: This study analyzed the competences of preceptor physiotherapist in the Multiprofessional Residency of Sírio Libanês Hospital and, more specifically, characterized the profile of these preceptors, surveyed the competences for the exercise of preceptorship, mapped strengths and weaknesses of the team and identified suggestions from preceptors to improve their practices. Methodology: Qualiquantitative, exploratory, descriptive and cross-sectional study. In the first stage of data collection, a questionnaire consisting of 33 items was applied to apprehend the perception of preceptors about their competences in the “knowledge, skill and attitude” dimensions. For this stage, 71 physical therapist preceptors, working in the Multiprofessional Residency Programs of Sírio Libanês Hospital, were invited. Of these, 50 agreed to participate in this first stage and completed the questionnaire. Data from the questionnaire were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis. In the second stage, to deepen the data obtained, 10 interviews were carried out with a semistructured script, elaborated from the results of the questionnaire. In this second stage, the data were submitted to content analysis in the thematic modality, considering the dimensions “knowledge, skill and attitude”. Results and Discussion: Most research participants are young, female and postgraduate. As for the necessary skills in the knowledge dimension, the participants indicated that the preceptor needs to know the physical and operational structure of the work environment; understand the proposals of the residency program; know the expertise of different preceptors; have cognitive domain for discussions of clinical cases; and have training in educational strategies. In the skill dimension, they indicated that the practical domain of respiratory and musculoskeletal physiotherapy is necessary; exercise peer-to-peer communication and individualized teaching with each resident; deal with the resident in complications; promote the active methodology. In the attitude domain, the preceptor must encourage protagonism; being the example in humanized care; spread respect and ethics; value the resident's integration and decision-making; recognize the value of educational actions aimed at preceptorship. From the interviews carried out, the main strengths emerged: the resident's ability to integrate into the multidisciplinary team, the encouragement of critical and reflective reasoning and professional actions based on respect and ethics. The most relevant weaknesses indicated by the preceptors are the difficulty in motivating the resident, the arduous task of correlating theory with practice, the impact of work overload and the misunderstanding of the factors that guarantee the practice of preceptorship. With regard to competences, data analysis suggests that four of them need changes in the short term, eight reveal aspects to be improved and 21 present good perception. The interviewees' suggestions were consistent with the exposed weaknesses and mainly explore the themes of training, team strengthening and institutional support. Final considerations: The research showed, from the participants' perception, which competencies are important to exercise the role ofpreceptor, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of this team, with regard to their competencies. This perception can direct future selection processes for the function, favor the development of preceptors and the consequent improvement in the teaching and learning process.