Aplicação de líquidos iônicos na extração de carotenoides provenientes do tomate para uso em alimentos como ingrediente bioativo

• Autor(a) principal: Martins, Paula Larangeira Garcia [UNIFESP]
• Data de Publicação: 2016
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UNIFESP
• dARK ID: ark:/48912/0013000015dxh
• Texto Completo: https://sucupira.capes.gov.br/sucupira/public/consultas/coleta/trabalhoConclusao/viewTrabalhoConclusao.jsf?popup=true&id_trabalho=4624049; https://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/46842
• topic: Food; Carotenoids; Extract; Stability; Imidazolium salts; Toxicological evaluation; Lycopene; Alimentos; Carotenoides; Extrato; Estabilidade; Sais de imidazólio; Avaliação toxicológica; Licopeno

Ionic liquid (IL) aplication in extractions process is a viable alternative that follow the Green Chemistry principle, minimazing contamination and optmaizing the obtain of importante natural pigments such as carotenoids. The lycopene in prevention of various diseases has been the subject of numerous studies that demonstrate beneficial effect on human health. This study evaluated the application of commercial and synthesized ionic liquids to obtain carotenoids from tomato for use as bioactive ingredient, and determined the stability, antioxidant activity and toxicity of optimized extract. Tomatoes from disposal were obtained from the Municipal Market Santos without any ranking or previous fruits selection. Four different ionic liquids were tested as extractors, tetrafluoroborate of 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and 1-n-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium from commercial sources; chloride 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate and 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium synthesized. The determination of qualitative and quantitative carotenoid obtained was performed by HPLC-PAD-MS / MS. The toxicological tests have been developed in animal models, administering the extracts by gavage for seven days and the collected fabrics were evaluated for histological features of the liver and kidneys; additionally checking the genotoxic and mutagenic potential. The synthesis of ionic liquids was adapted and assisted by ultrasound, resulting in a fully product obtained without the use of volatile organic solvents. In the process for obtaining carotenoids, in particular lycopene, was extracted into all-trans lycopene concentrations ranging 7.5 to 8.0 ?g.g-1 tomato extracted with acetone and IL respectively. The thermal stability of the carotenoid extract obtained by IL resulted in activation energy (Ea) in an aqueous medium similar to conventional values in acetone. The antioxidant activity of tomatoes carotenoid extract in ionic liquid was 7.4 ?-tocopherol equivalent and acetone 12.4. The carotenoid extract obtained by IL administered at 10 mg/kg/day dose led the formation of a smaller number of micronuclei (4.2 ± 2.2 in 2000 bone marrow cells of exposed animals) compared to the control group (5.7 ± 3.3). The extract obtained by the method developed remained stable in aqueous and oily medium and obtained higher yield than the conventional method. Thus, the use of IL in the extraction of tomato carotenoids presents technical feasibility.