Effects of carbohydrate and glutamine supplementation on oral mucosa immunity after strenuous exercise at high altitude: a double-blind randomized trial

• Autor(a) principal: Caris, Aline Venticinque [UNIFESP]
• Data de Publicação: 2017
• Outros Autores: Silva, Edgar Tavares da [UNIFESP], Santos, Samile Amorim dos [UNIFESP], Tufik, Sergio [UNIFESP], Santos, Ronaldo Vagner Thomatieli dos [UNIFESP]
• Tipo de documento: Artigo
• Idioma: eng
• Título da fonte: Repositório Institucional da UNIFESP
• Texto Completo: https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu9070692; https://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/53554
• topic: Supplementation; Carbohydrate; Hypoxia; Physical exercise; Glutamine; High altitude; Innate immune response; Oral mucosal immunity

This study analyzed the effects of carbohydrate and glutamine supplementation on salivary immunity after exercise at a simulated altitude of 4500 m. Fifteen volunteers performed exercise of 70% of VO2peak until exhaustion and were divided into three groups: hypoxia placebo, hypoxia 8% maltodextrin (200 mL/20 min), and hypoxia after six days glutamine (20 g/day) and 8% maltodextrin (200 mL/20 min). All procedures were randomized and double-blind. Saliva was collected at rest (basal), before exercise (pre-exercise), immediately after exercise (post-exercise), and two hours after exercise. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures and Tukey post hoc test were performed. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. SaO(2)% reduced when comparing baseline vs. pre-exercise, post-exercise, and after recovery for all three groups. There was also a reduction of SaO(2)% in pre-exercise vs. post-exercise for the hypoxia group and an increase was observed in pre-exercise vs. recovery for both supplementation groups, and between post-exercise and for the three groups studied. There was an increase of salivary flow in post-exercise vs. recovery in Hypoxia + Carbohydrate group. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) decreased from baseline vs. post-exercise for Hypoxia + Glutamine group. Interleukin 10 (IL-10) increased from post-exercise vs. after recovery in Hypoxia + Carbohydrate group. Reduction of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) was observed from baseline vs. post-exercise and after recovery for the Hypoxia + Carbohydrate group a lower concentration was observed in pre-exercise vs. post-exercise and recovery. TNF-alpha had a reduction from baseline vs. post-exercise for both supplementation groups, and a lower secretion between baseline vs. recovery, and pre-exercise vs. post-exercise for Hypoxia + Carbohydrate group. Five hours of hypoxia and exercise did not change IgA. Carbohydrates, with greater efficiency than glutamine, induced anti-inflammatory responses.