Impacto de medidas não tarifárias na fruticultura brasileira

• Autor(a) principal: Alves, Greigiano José
• Data de Publicação: 2012
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/60
• topic: Fruticultura brasileira; Modelo gravitacional; Índice de restritividade; Medidas sanitárias fitossanitárias; Brazilian fruit trees; Gravity model; Restrictiveness index; Sanitary and phytosanitary standards; CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA::ECONOMIA INTERNACIONAL

The sanitary and phytosanitary standards are intended to protect animal health, plant and human contaminants against physical, chemical and biological processes that can be transmitted by contaminated food from other countries. Thus, such measures as reducing costs through process standardization, affect trade positively. However, as argued in some studies, these same measures can be used as trade barriers. This study aimed to determine the impact of sanitary and phytosanitary measures - SPS, in the period 2000 to 2009, Brazilian exports of seven fruits, namely: pineapple, banana, cashew, orange, apple, watermelon and grapes. The hypothesis that permeated this study was that the sanitary and phytosanitary measures were restrictive of exports of Brazilian fruits. The theoretical framework was based on theories of international trade that explain the effect of tariff and nontariff barriers in this trade. The analytical framework was composed of the gravity model and the index Market Access Overall Trade restrictiveness index - MAOTRI. To achieve this, we calculated the ad valorem tariff equivalent - AVE of SPS measures and the index MA-OTRI. Through the analysis of stroke rate, which measures the impact of SPS measures equivalent to a tariff, which was verified in years these measures have served as barriers to trade and what their impact on Brazilian exports of fruits in the study. From these results we calculated two indices MA-OTRI, one taking into account the effects of SPS measures and tariffs (index MA-OTRIsps) and the other only tariffs (index MA-OTRI). The difference between the two indices show the effect of SPS measures in fruit exports. The results found for the stroke rate, we can infer that the sanitary and phytosanitary measures acted ambiguously as it had years in which those measures were barriers and other trade, trade facilitation. When acted as barriers, the effect such measures was significant, and in several cases the values found exceeding 20%. By the indices MAOTRIsps and MA-OTRI, it can be stated that SPS measures have restricted exports of the following fruits: banana, in 2001 and 2003; cashew nuts in 2003, 2004 and 2008, and apple in 2004. In other fruits, it can be inferred that the sanitary and phytosanitary standards do not restrict trade. The main countries reporting to the WTO SPS measures were Japan, the United States and the European Union. SPS measures notified to the WTO and were restricting exports of fruits were related to food safety, animal health, plant health standards, maximum residue limits, Pesticides and pests. The results allow a better understanding of the effects that sanitary and phytosanitary measures have on the exports of Brazilian fruit and provide subsidies to decision makers from public and private fruit production chain in Brazil.