Análise multitemporal da cobertura e uso da terra, impactos ambientais e aspectos socioeconômicos do Pólo Agroflorestal Custódio Freire, Rio Branco AC

• Autor(a) principal: Andrade, Cecilia Félix
• Data de Publicação: 2008
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/2978
• topic: Fotointerpretação; Cadeias de Markov; Técnicas participativas; Photointerpretation; Markov chains; Participatory techniques; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::RECURSOS FLORESTAIS E ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL::MANEJO FLORESTAL

Amazon colonization has been carried out in a disordered way with major environmental impacts and low economic and social returns. Aiming to minimize impacts and growth of periphery of cities, the State of Acre has the Agroforestry Systems (SAF's) as a means of improving rural production and consequently reducing deforestation in the state, seeking equilibrium and environmental, economic and social sustainability. However, a number of these projects, lacking technical support, have been losing their features and being neglected. The objective of this study was to analyze the Custodio Freire Agroflorestry Pole, municipality of Rio Branco - AC and, starting from environmental impacts and socioeconomic indicators to seek alternatives that can resolve or mitigate them. TM/Landsat-5 (1986.1993, 2002 and 2007) and ETM + / Landsat-7 (1999 and 2002) images were used to interpret the vegetation cover for the mentioned years, and the Markov Chain model was applied to shape this change, using the two previous years to predict the future ones. Fieldwork was the basis for a qualitative analysis of environmental impacts using "ad hoc", "check-list" and interaction matrix. During the work, settlers were interviewed through participatory techniques about the main socioeconomic problems. The results showed that between 1999 and 2002 there was the greatest loss of vegetation cover in the Pole (30.16%) and this lack of cover disqualifies the agroforestry use. Change in cover is dynamic and the Markov s forecast differed by 1554 % from the visual interpretation, showing that the transition matrix is not stationary. The main negative impact on the Pole is related to improper soil management, since physical characteristics make the soil difficult to manage under drought or flooding. The participatory survey of farmers elucidated the real problems affecting the settlers, such as lack of paved road to access the main road, since shipping produce is impossible in the rainy season, to the complete lack of knowledge of what a SAF is and its production characteristics. Adding to these problems, the small area of lots (2.5 ha) and the lack of technical support contribute to that settlers seek work outside the Pole for extra income. Custodio Freire Pole has, at the present, a large number of problems and has totally lost its features. In this work, suggestions for resumption of the original aims are presented for this production system, which, according to a number of studies, has been one of the most viable for the small farmers of the Amazon Region.