Ecologia de Florestas Atlânticas com ocorrência do muriqui (Brachyteles spp.): diversidade, sucessão secundária e estrutura nutricional
Autor(a) principal: | |
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Data de Publicação: | 2008 |
Tipo de documento: | Tese |
Idioma: | por |
Título da fonte: | LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV |
Texto Completo: | http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/346 |
Resumo: | This study has three chapters which mainly aimed the understanding on the role of forests variables affecting distribution, abundance and range ecology of primates belonging to Brachyteles genera. The first chapter specifically aimed on characterization and comparisons of tree species diversity and secondary succession among three forests holding Brachyteles hypoxanthus in Minas Gerais State: Rio Doce State Park (RDSP), a private property Mata do Sossego (Sossego) and Brigadeiro State Park (BSP). In order to reach such aim 800 trees measuring at least 5 cm DBH (diameter at breast height) scattered on 200 quarter points were sampled in each forest. The Shannon diversity index (H ), equability (J), the successional stage and the distribution between the numbers of individuals by diameter classes were assessed. Additionally, comparisons based upon the species compositions were taken into account by Jaccard index (S) in order to evaluate the similarity among forests. Different diversity structure emerged from these three forests. The RDSP showed the smallest and largest alfa and beta diversity respectively, the smallest equability, and was the most advanced forest in terms of succession. Most of these results in RDSP occurred due to the prevalence of Senefeldera multiflora (Euphorbiaceae). S. multiflora has never seen as food resource for muriquis. Thus, their massive abundance powndered food resources offer leading to an energy budget improvement and eventually may lead to lower muriquis s density. Sossego and BSP forests showed larger diversity index and equability values than RDSP. Yet, Sossego forest is more advanced than BSP in terms of succession considering both the number of late secondary species and the number of diameter classes. Such characteristics favor a bigger food resource offer besides favor the occurrence of alternative items when favorite ones are scarce, which may promote higher muriquis density onto these two forests. Chapter two aimed on the investigation whether food resource offer can improve muriqui density. For this purpose a number of data set were compiled from available papers considering those genera used by muriquis as food resource (resource-genera). Data of six forests with both vegetation features (species composition and structure) and muriquis densities were also compiled. Three of these forests were the same studied in the first chapter. Data from two new forest spread out São Paulo State and one from Espírito Santo State were added to our current data set. The presences of those resource-genera were checked on each species composition and structure lists, which were divided on two new ones: one comprising the resource-genera and another with non-resource genera. The relative density and biomass from each genera modality were summed. Additionally the density and biomass ratios between genera modalities were assessed. Muriquis densities have entered as response variable, whereas food resource estimators have entered as explanatory variable in statistical model. Multiple regressions were performed using generalized linear models. Only the biomass ratio in addition to its interaction with density ratio was statistically significant to explain muriquis densities. It means that forest s carry supports are linked to species composition holding resource- genera, and such genera are represented by big trees in contrast to non-resource genera. Generally the ratio was 3:1 for both biomass and density. Big trees are important due to security promoted by their strong branches during muriquis locomotion besides they can offer more food allowing cohesive groups while foraging, low home range at same time that weaken inter group competition. The actions toward muriquis conservation account to the enlargement of forested areas by planting favorite trees species and the construction of corridors among fragments. It is suggested the planting of at least 60% of trees belonging to resource-genera, and forestry favoring the gain of biomass for such genera. The third chapter aimed to investigate the role of forest successional stage, structure and chemical profile (foliar protein to fiber ratio) on B. hypoxanthus range ecology between two forests at BSP. The choices of these two sites were based on the usage differences by muriquis. Hereafter these two sites are called core area and non core area. The standard sampling methods presented in chapter one were repeated on these two sites at BSP. For chemical profile assessment leaves from three different individuals of those species comprising 80% of community importance value (IV) were sampled regardless their integrity and ontogeny within each site. The chemical analyses account for nitrogen, protein, fiber and protein to fiber ratio (P/F). The P/F was evaluated between sites and among regeneration guilds. In order to spatially correlate the structural variables with muriquis abundance 50 buffers measuring 20m of ray were put between two vegetation sampling points. The stem density, mean basal area and P/F were assessed for each buffer. Other 50 concentric buffers measuring 50 m of ray were overlaid in order to trap muriquis counts. The number of muriquis was the response variable, and the stem density, mean basal area and mean P/F were the explanatory variable inserted on statistical model using multiple regression. None statistical difference was detected between sites considering P/F, but in the non core area the late successional species showed lower P/F, whereas the core area was chemically more homogeneous than non core area, and none statistical differences emerged across regeneration guilds in core area. The most important structural difference between sites occurred due to massive bamboos clumps spread out in non core area. The massive bamboo s clumps regeneration is supposed to has occurred as a response to logging in the past. Bamboos clumps generate gaps in the canopy besides harm the regenerating tree species below them by physical injuries caused by fallen branches. Such forest dynamics favor opened canopies increasing muriquis energy budget by improving their horizontal and vertical routes when gaps are faced while traveling. Thus one may expect that muriquis avoid these sites. These results point out that the pathway taken by secondary succession favored bamboos clumps regeneration at non core area. It is suggested as short term actions that weaken non resource genera as bamboos clumps at BSP and S. multiflora at RDSP are taken into account on forestry planning seeking habitat enrichment and muriquis persistence. The secondary succession monitoring is also suggested as an additional tool for those studies aiming muriquis conservation. |
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Silva Junior, Wilson Marcelo dahttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4742980D0Carmo, Flávia Maria da Silvahttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4727338J9Melo, Fabiano Rodrigues dehttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4791114T9Meira Neto, João Augusto Alveshttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4728376H9Giudice, Gisele Mendes Lessa Delhttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4786794H3Schoereder, José Henriquehttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783461Y62015-03-26T12:19:17Z2008-04-232015-03-26T12:19:17Z2008-03-03SILVA JUNIOR, Wilson Marcelo da. Atlantic Forest s ecology holding muriqui (Brachyteles spp.): diversity, secondary succession and nutritional structure. 2008. 114 f. Tese (Doutorado em Botânica estrutural; Ecologia e Sistemática) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2008.http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/346This study has three chapters which mainly aimed the understanding on the role of forests variables affecting distribution, abundance and range ecology of primates belonging to Brachyteles genera. The first chapter specifically aimed on characterization and comparisons of tree species diversity and secondary succession among three forests holding Brachyteles hypoxanthus in Minas Gerais State: Rio Doce State Park (RDSP), a private property Mata do Sossego (Sossego) and Brigadeiro State Park (BSP). In order to reach such aim 800 trees measuring at least 5 cm DBH (diameter at breast height) scattered on 200 quarter points were sampled in each forest. The Shannon diversity index (H ), equability (J), the successional stage and the distribution between the numbers of individuals by diameter classes were assessed. Additionally, comparisons based upon the species compositions were taken into account by Jaccard index (S) in order to evaluate the similarity among forests. Different diversity structure emerged from these three forests. The RDSP showed the smallest and largest alfa and beta diversity respectively, the smallest equability, and was the most advanced forest in terms of succession. Most of these results in RDSP occurred due to the prevalence of Senefeldera multiflora (Euphorbiaceae). S. multiflora has never seen as food resource for muriquis. Thus, their massive abundance powndered food resources offer leading to an energy budget improvement and eventually may lead to lower muriquis s density. Sossego and BSP forests showed larger diversity index and equability values than RDSP. Yet, Sossego forest is more advanced than BSP in terms of succession considering both the number of late secondary species and the number of diameter classes. Such characteristics favor a bigger food resource offer besides favor the occurrence of alternative items when favorite ones are scarce, which may promote higher muriquis density onto these two forests. Chapter two aimed on the investigation whether food resource offer can improve muriqui density. For this purpose a number of data set were compiled from available papers considering those genera used by muriquis as food resource (resource-genera). Data of six forests with both vegetation features (species composition and structure) and muriquis densities were also compiled. Three of these forests were the same studied in the first chapter. Data from two new forest spread out São Paulo State and one from Espírito Santo State were added to our current data set. The presences of those resource-genera were checked on each species composition and structure lists, which were divided on two new ones: one comprising the resource-genera and another with non-resource genera. The relative density and biomass from each genera modality were summed. Additionally the density and biomass ratios between genera modalities were assessed. Muriquis densities have entered as response variable, whereas food resource estimators have entered as explanatory variable in statistical model. Multiple regressions were performed using generalized linear models. Only the biomass ratio in addition to its interaction with density ratio was statistically significant to explain muriquis densities. It means that forest s carry supports are linked to species composition holding resource- genera, and such genera are represented by big trees in contrast to non-resource genera. Generally the ratio was 3:1 for both biomass and density. Big trees are important due to security promoted by their strong branches during muriquis locomotion besides they can offer more food allowing cohesive groups while foraging, low home range at same time that weaken inter group competition. The actions toward muriquis conservation account to the enlargement of forested areas by planting favorite trees species and the construction of corridors among fragments. It is suggested the planting of at least 60% of trees belonging to resource-genera, and forestry favoring the gain of biomass for such genera. The third chapter aimed to investigate the role of forest successional stage, structure and chemical profile (foliar protein to fiber ratio) on B. hypoxanthus range ecology between two forests at BSP. The choices of these two sites were based on the usage differences by muriquis. Hereafter these two sites are called core area and non core area. The standard sampling methods presented in chapter one were repeated on these two sites at BSP. For chemical profile assessment leaves from three different individuals of those species comprising 80% of community importance value (IV) were sampled regardless their integrity and ontogeny within each site. The chemical analyses account for nitrogen, protein, fiber and protein to fiber ratio (P/F). The P/F was evaluated between sites and among regeneration guilds. In order to spatially correlate the structural variables with muriquis abundance 50 buffers measuring 20m of ray were put between two vegetation sampling points. The stem density, mean basal area and P/F were assessed for each buffer. Other 50 concentric buffers measuring 50 m of ray were overlaid in order to trap muriquis counts. The number of muriquis was the response variable, and the stem density, mean basal area and mean P/F were the explanatory variable inserted on statistical model using multiple regression. None statistical difference was detected between sites considering P/F, but in the non core area the late successional species showed lower P/F, whereas the core area was chemically more homogeneous than non core area, and none statistical differences emerged across regeneration guilds in core area. The most important structural difference between sites occurred due to massive bamboos clumps spread out in non core area. The massive bamboo s clumps regeneration is supposed to has occurred as a response to logging in the past. Bamboos clumps generate gaps in the canopy besides harm the regenerating tree species below them by physical injuries caused by fallen branches. Such forest dynamics favor opened canopies increasing muriquis energy budget by improving their horizontal and vertical routes when gaps are faced while traveling. Thus one may expect that muriquis avoid these sites. These results point out that the pathway taken by secondary succession favored bamboos clumps regeneration at non core area. It is suggested as short term actions that weaken non resource genera as bamboos clumps at BSP and S. multiflora at RDSP are taken into account on forestry planning seeking habitat enrichment and muriquis persistence. The secondary succession monitoring is also suggested as an additional tool for those studies aiming muriquis conservation.Este estudo é composto por três capítulos que possuem como objetivo primordial entender como diferentes variáveis florestais se correlacionam com a distribuição, abundância e uso do espaço por primatas do gênero Brachyteles. O primeiro capítulo objetivou especificamente caracterizar e comparar a diversidade arbórea e sucessão secundária de três fragmentos florestais com ocorrência do Brachyteles hypoxanthus em Minas Gerais: Parque Estadual do Rio Doce (PERD), RPPN Mata do Sossego (Sossego) e Parque Estadual da Serra do Brigadeiro (PESB). Para alcançar tal objetivo, foram amostrados 800 indivíduos arbóreos com, no mínimo 15 cm de CAP (circunferência do caule na altura de 1,30 metros do solo), distribuídos em 200 pontos quadrantes em cada floresta. Foram ainda calculados o índice de diversidade de Shannon (H ), a equabilidade (J), o estágio sucessional, e distribuição do número de indivíduos em classes de diâmetros com intervalos de 5 cm. Adicionalmente, as três florestas foram comparadas floristicamente utilizando-se o índice de similaridade de Jaccard (S) e o algoritmo UPGMA. As três florestas mostraram estruturas de diversidade distintas. O PERD mostrou a menor e maior diversidade alfa e beta respectivamente, a menor equabilidade, e foi a floresta em estágio mais avançado de sucessão. Muito dos resultados obtidos no PERD ocorreram em função da quase mono- dominância de Senefeldera multiflora (Euphorbiaceae). S. multiflora não representa um recurso alimentar para muriquis, e, portanto, sua presença maciça dilui a oferta de recursos alimentares na matriz florestal, elevando o orçamento energético e área de vida dos muriquis, o que culmina na queda de sua densidade. As florestas do Sossego e PESB mostraram maiores valores de diversidade e equabilidade. Em termos sucessionais, o Sossego é mais avançado que o PESB tanto em número de espécies tardias quanto na estrutura diamétrica. Tais características proporcionam uma oferta maior de alimento além de favorecer o surgimento de itens alternativos na escassez de itens prediletos, o que contribui para elevar as densidades de muriquis nessas florestas. O capítulo dois objetivou investigar a correlação entre a densidade populacional de Brachyteles e a oferta de alimento. Para isso foram compilados na literatura todos os gêneros botânicos inclusos na dieta de muriquis (gêneros-recurso), dados pertinentes a seis florestas (três em Minas Gerais, duas em São Paulo e uma no Espírito Santo) com densidades populacionais de muriquis e composição florística e fitossociológica determinadas. Foram verificadas as presenças dos gêneros-recurso nas tabelas fitossociológicas, e estas foram divididas em duas novas: uma com gêneros recurso e outra com gênero não recurso. As densidades e dominâncias relativas de cada modalidade de gêneros foram somadas. Dados proporcionais também foram calculados para cada floresta: razão de densidade e razão de biomassa entre as modalidades de gêneros. A densidade de muriquis entrou como variável resposta e os estimadores da oferta de recurso como variáveis explanatórias numa regressão múltipla (GLM). Apenas a razão de biomassa e sua interação com a razão de densidade foram significativas para explicar a densidade de muriquis. Isso significa que a grande biomassa proporcional dos gêneros botânicos que são recursos alimentares em relação àqueles que não são responde pela maior capacidade de suporte alimentar dessas florestas. Em geral a proporção foi de 3:1 tanto em densidade quanto em biomassa. Árvores de grande porte conferem maior segurança durante as locomoções, principalmente para primatas de grande porte como o muriqui. Adicionalmente, ofertam alimento com fartura, permitindo uma organização social do grupo mais coesa, diminui a área de vida e desfavorece a competição entre grupos. As ações mais efetivas para a conservação do muriqui é o aumento das áreas florestadas através do plantio de enriquecimento e construção de corredores ecológicos. Sugere-se que nessas ações, ocorra o plantio de pelo menos 60% de gêneros botânicos recursos, e que a condução do manejo propicie o ganho preferencial de biomassa para esses gêneros. O terceiro capítulo objetivou investigar o papel do estágio sucessional, estrutura e o perfil químico (relação foliar de proteína/fibra) no uso do espaço por um grupo de B. hypoxanthus entre áreas com intensidade de uso distintas no PESB em Minas Gerais. Foi realizada uma amostragem da vegetação em cada sítio do PESB com o mesmo esforço amostral, critério de inclusão e sistema de classificação do estágio sucessional apresentado no capítulo 1. Para a determinação do perfil químico de cada sítio foram coletadas folhas de três indivíduos de todas as espécies que somaram mais de 80% do VI de cada sítio, independente da integridade e grau de desenvolvimento. A análise química dessas folhas determinou os teores de nitrogênio, proteína, fibras e a relação proteína fibra (P/F). Os teores de P/F foram avaliados entre sítios e entre grupos ecológicos. Para a unificação espacial das variáveis estruturais e fitoquímicas com a abundância de muriquis, foram construídos 50 buffers de 20m de raio no ponto médio entre dois pontos quadrantes, e para cada buffer foram calculados a densidade de caules, a área basal média das árvores e a P/F média. Foram construídos outros 50 buffers concêntricos com 50 m de raio para a contagem do número de muriquis por buffer. O número de muriquis foi a variável resposta e a densidade de caules, área basal e P/F média foram as variáveis explanatórias inseridas no modelo completo de regressão múltipla. A única variável capaz de explicar o uso do espaço foi a interação entre área basal e densidade de caules. Não houve diferença estatística na P/F entre os sítios, mas no sítio evitado, as espécies tardias mostraram menor P/F, enquanto que o sítio mais usado mostrou-se mais homogêneo, não havendo diferença entre os grupos ecológicos. A diferença estrutural mais importante deveu-se à existência de grandes manchas de bambus no sítio evitado pelos muriquis devido ao seu histórico de perturbação. A presença de bambus promove descontinuidade no dossel afetando negativamente a regeneração de florestas por supressão do crescimento e danos físicos às espécies regenerantes. Este tipo de estrutura aumenta o orçamento energético da fauna arborícola por aumentar as rotas verticais e horizontais durante a locomoção. Essa característica aliada a maior heterogeneidade química sugere um ambiente energeticamente oneroso nas quais os muriquis evitam devido à presença de sítios adjacentes mais favoráveis. Esses resultados indicam que o rumo tomado pela sucessão secundária favoreceu a regeneração de bambus no sítio evitado. Recomenda-se num curto prazo, que manejos objetivando diminuir a dominância de espécies não recurso, como bambus no PESB e S. multiflora no PERD, sejam ações efetivas para a melhoria do hábitat desses primatas. O monitoramento da sucessão secundária é uma ferramenta adicional nos estudos que visam a conservação do muriqui.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológicoapplication/pdfporUniversidade Federal de ViçosaDoutorado em BotânicaUFVBRBotânica estrutural; Ecologia e SistemáticaBrachyteles hypoxanthusMata AtlânticaDiversidadeSucessãoRelação proteína/fibraBrachyteles hypoxanthusAtlantic ForestDiversitySuccessionProtein/fiber relationCNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BOTANICAEcologia de Florestas Atlânticas com ocorrência do muriqui (Brachyteles spp.): diversidade, sucessão secundária e estrutura nutricionalAtlantic Forest s ecology holding muriqui (Brachyteles spp.): diversity, secondary succession and nutritional structureinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFVinstname:Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV)instacron:UFVORIGINALtexto completo.pdfapplication/pdf702344https://locus.ufv.br//bitstream/123456789/346/1/texto%20completo.pdf9582166f9b872c2a9e843ea0b33c75e9MD51TEXTtexto completo.pdf.txttexto completo.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain239845https://locus.ufv.br//bitstream/123456789/346/2/texto%20completo.pdf.txtf74f89b989a0dbe1894335f0e7230b14MD52THUMBNAILtexto completo.pdf.jpgtexto completo.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg3539https://locus.ufv.br//bitstream/123456789/346/3/texto%20completo.pdf.jpg5ccd8a196d61c5a0fb970d6eb9d496b5MD53123456789/3462016-04-06 23:02:16.002oai:locus.ufv.br:123456789/346Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttps://www.locus.ufv.br/oai/requestfabiojreis@ufv.bropendoar:21452016-04-07T02:02:16LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV - Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV)false |
dc.title.por.fl_str_mv |
Ecologia de Florestas Atlânticas com ocorrência do muriqui (Brachyteles spp.): diversidade, sucessão secundária e estrutura nutricional |
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv |
Atlantic Forest s ecology holding muriqui (Brachyteles spp.): diversity, secondary succession and nutritional structure |
title |
Ecologia de Florestas Atlânticas com ocorrência do muriqui (Brachyteles spp.): diversidade, sucessão secundária e estrutura nutricional |
spellingShingle |
Ecologia de Florestas Atlânticas com ocorrência do muriqui (Brachyteles spp.): diversidade, sucessão secundária e estrutura nutricional Silva Junior, Wilson Marcelo da Brachyteles hypoxanthus Mata Atlântica Diversidade Sucessão Relação proteína/fibra Brachyteles hypoxanthus Atlantic Forest Diversity Succession Protein/fiber relation CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BOTANICA |
title_short |
Ecologia de Florestas Atlânticas com ocorrência do muriqui (Brachyteles spp.): diversidade, sucessão secundária e estrutura nutricional |
title_full |
Ecologia de Florestas Atlânticas com ocorrência do muriqui (Brachyteles spp.): diversidade, sucessão secundária e estrutura nutricional |
title_fullStr |
Ecologia de Florestas Atlânticas com ocorrência do muriqui (Brachyteles spp.): diversidade, sucessão secundária e estrutura nutricional |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ecologia de Florestas Atlânticas com ocorrência do muriqui (Brachyteles spp.): diversidade, sucessão secundária e estrutura nutricional |
title_sort |
Ecologia de Florestas Atlânticas com ocorrência do muriqui (Brachyteles spp.): diversidade, sucessão secundária e estrutura nutricional |
author |
Silva Junior, Wilson Marcelo da |
author_facet |
Silva Junior, Wilson Marcelo da |
author_role |
author |
dc.contributor.authorLattes.por.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4742980D0 |
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv |
Silva Junior, Wilson Marcelo da |
dc.contributor.advisor-co1.fl_str_mv |
Carmo, Flávia Maria da Silva |
dc.contributor.advisor-co1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4727338J9 |
dc.contributor.advisor-co2.fl_str_mv |
Melo, Fabiano Rodrigues de |
dc.contributor.advisor-co2Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4791114T9 |
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv |
Meira Neto, João Augusto Alves |
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4728376H9 |
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv |
Giudice, Gisele Mendes Lessa Del |
dc.contributor.referee1Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4786794H3 |
dc.contributor.referee2.fl_str_mv |
Schoereder, José Henrique |
dc.contributor.referee2Lattes.fl_str_mv |
http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4783461Y6 |
contributor_str_mv |
Carmo, Flávia Maria da Silva Melo, Fabiano Rodrigues de Meira Neto, João Augusto Alves Giudice, Gisele Mendes Lessa Del Schoereder, José Henrique |
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv |
Brachyteles hypoxanthus Mata Atlântica Diversidade Sucessão Relação proteína/fibra |
topic |
Brachyteles hypoxanthus Mata Atlântica Diversidade Sucessão Relação proteína/fibra Brachyteles hypoxanthus Atlantic Forest Diversity Succession Protein/fiber relation CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BOTANICA |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Brachyteles hypoxanthus Atlantic Forest Diversity Succession Protein/fiber relation |
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv |
CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::BOTANICA |
description |
This study has three chapters which mainly aimed the understanding on the role of forests variables affecting distribution, abundance and range ecology of primates belonging to Brachyteles genera. The first chapter specifically aimed on characterization and comparisons of tree species diversity and secondary succession among three forests holding Brachyteles hypoxanthus in Minas Gerais State: Rio Doce State Park (RDSP), a private property Mata do Sossego (Sossego) and Brigadeiro State Park (BSP). In order to reach such aim 800 trees measuring at least 5 cm DBH (diameter at breast height) scattered on 200 quarter points were sampled in each forest. The Shannon diversity index (H ), equability (J), the successional stage and the distribution between the numbers of individuals by diameter classes were assessed. Additionally, comparisons based upon the species compositions were taken into account by Jaccard index (S) in order to evaluate the similarity among forests. Different diversity structure emerged from these three forests. The RDSP showed the smallest and largest alfa and beta diversity respectively, the smallest equability, and was the most advanced forest in terms of succession. Most of these results in RDSP occurred due to the prevalence of Senefeldera multiflora (Euphorbiaceae). S. multiflora has never seen as food resource for muriquis. Thus, their massive abundance powndered food resources offer leading to an energy budget improvement and eventually may lead to lower muriquis s density. Sossego and BSP forests showed larger diversity index and equability values than RDSP. Yet, Sossego forest is more advanced than BSP in terms of succession considering both the number of late secondary species and the number of diameter classes. Such characteristics favor a bigger food resource offer besides favor the occurrence of alternative items when favorite ones are scarce, which may promote higher muriquis density onto these two forests. Chapter two aimed on the investigation whether food resource offer can improve muriqui density. For this purpose a number of data set were compiled from available papers considering those genera used by muriquis as food resource (resource-genera). Data of six forests with both vegetation features (species composition and structure) and muriquis densities were also compiled. Three of these forests were the same studied in the first chapter. Data from two new forest spread out São Paulo State and one from Espírito Santo State were added to our current data set. The presences of those resource-genera were checked on each species composition and structure lists, which were divided on two new ones: one comprising the resource-genera and another with non-resource genera. The relative density and biomass from each genera modality were summed. Additionally the density and biomass ratios between genera modalities were assessed. Muriquis densities have entered as response variable, whereas food resource estimators have entered as explanatory variable in statistical model. Multiple regressions were performed using generalized linear models. Only the biomass ratio in addition to its interaction with density ratio was statistically significant to explain muriquis densities. It means that forest s carry supports are linked to species composition holding resource- genera, and such genera are represented by big trees in contrast to non-resource genera. Generally the ratio was 3:1 for both biomass and density. Big trees are important due to security promoted by their strong branches during muriquis locomotion besides they can offer more food allowing cohesive groups while foraging, low home range at same time that weaken inter group competition. The actions toward muriquis conservation account to the enlargement of forested areas by planting favorite trees species and the construction of corridors among fragments. It is suggested the planting of at least 60% of trees belonging to resource-genera, and forestry favoring the gain of biomass for such genera. The third chapter aimed to investigate the role of forest successional stage, structure and chemical profile (foliar protein to fiber ratio) on B. hypoxanthus range ecology between two forests at BSP. The choices of these two sites were based on the usage differences by muriquis. Hereafter these two sites are called core area and non core area. The standard sampling methods presented in chapter one were repeated on these two sites at BSP. For chemical profile assessment leaves from three different individuals of those species comprising 80% of community importance value (IV) were sampled regardless their integrity and ontogeny within each site. The chemical analyses account for nitrogen, protein, fiber and protein to fiber ratio (P/F). The P/F was evaluated between sites and among regeneration guilds. In order to spatially correlate the structural variables with muriquis abundance 50 buffers measuring 20m of ray were put between two vegetation sampling points. The stem density, mean basal area and P/F were assessed for each buffer. Other 50 concentric buffers measuring 50 m of ray were overlaid in order to trap muriquis counts. The number of muriquis was the response variable, and the stem density, mean basal area and mean P/F were the explanatory variable inserted on statistical model using multiple regression. None statistical difference was detected between sites considering P/F, but in the non core area the late successional species showed lower P/F, whereas the core area was chemically more homogeneous than non core area, and none statistical differences emerged across regeneration guilds in core area. The most important structural difference between sites occurred due to massive bamboos clumps spread out in non core area. The massive bamboo s clumps regeneration is supposed to has occurred as a response to logging in the past. Bamboos clumps generate gaps in the canopy besides harm the regenerating tree species below them by physical injuries caused by fallen branches. Such forest dynamics favor opened canopies increasing muriquis energy budget by improving their horizontal and vertical routes when gaps are faced while traveling. Thus one may expect that muriquis avoid these sites. These results point out that the pathway taken by secondary succession favored bamboos clumps regeneration at non core area. It is suggested as short term actions that weaken non resource genera as bamboos clumps at BSP and S. multiflora at RDSP are taken into account on forestry planning seeking habitat enrichment and muriquis persistence. The secondary succession monitoring is also suggested as an additional tool for those studies aiming muriquis conservation. |
publishDate |
2008 |
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv |
2008-04-23 2015-03-26T12:19:17Z |
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv |
2008-03-03 |
dc.date.accessioned.fl_str_mv |
2015-03-26T12:19:17Z |
dc.type.status.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
format |
doctoralThesis |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv |
SILVA JUNIOR, Wilson Marcelo da. Atlantic Forest s ecology holding muriqui (Brachyteles spp.): diversity, secondary succession and nutritional structure. 2008. 114 f. Tese (Doutorado em Botânica estrutural; Ecologia e Sistemática) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2008. |
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv |
http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/346 |
identifier_str_mv |
SILVA JUNIOR, Wilson Marcelo da. Atlantic Forest s ecology holding muriqui (Brachyteles spp.): diversity, secondary succession and nutritional structure. 2008. 114 f. Tese (Doutorado em Botânica estrutural; Ecologia e Sistemática) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2008. |
url |
http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/346 |
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv |
por |
language |
por |
dc.rights.driver.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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openAccess |
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application/pdf |
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Viçosa |
dc.publisher.program.fl_str_mv |
Doutorado em Botânica |
dc.publisher.initials.fl_str_mv |
UFV |
dc.publisher.country.fl_str_mv |
BR |
dc.publisher.department.fl_str_mv |
Botânica estrutural; Ecologia e Sistemática |
publisher.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidade Federal de Viçosa |
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reponame:LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV instname:Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) instacron:UFV |
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UFV |
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LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV |
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LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV |
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