Relações Geoambientais nos Geoglifos do sudeste do estado do Acre

• Autor(a) principal: Carmo, Lúcio Flávio Zancanela do
• Data de Publicação: 2012
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1633
• topic: Geoglifo; Pedo-geomorfologia; Geoprocessamento; Geoglifo; Pedo-geomorphology; Geoprocessing; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::CIENCIA DO SOLO

Excavation of different geometrical shapes in the southeast of Acre, called Geoglyphs, has called the attention of the international community in search of their origin, and especially the cause of its construction. The pre-Columbian culture, until recently, was considered as "primitive" nomadic tribes. It was assumed that they lived in groups, without a complex social organization. Recently, there is an evidence that the Amazon is occupied by a diversity of people in a broad and dynamic development path. In particular, the Acre territory has confirmed this understanding, in other words, the existence of cultural diversity, with the discovery of Geoglyphs. Face to these unknowns by the scientific community, we sought to study these archaeological sites in an attempt to understand what were the causes of its construction. In this context, the objectives of this study were to assess whether there was any preferential relationship of its location to the landscape (geoenvironments); to characterize the soils in its interior and its surroundings, in the morphological, physical, and chemical aspects related to its genesis; to identify and characterize the archaeological artifacts in order to support the interpretation of paleoenvironments and their evolutionary dynamics. For this purpose, were used geoprocessing techniques, which assessed the location and shape, relating them to the geology, geomorphology, hydrology, and soils. With this information was developed predictive models, which formed the basis for stratification in relation to geoenvironments. Later, was selected some Geoglyphs where scans was performed through the Ground-Penetrating Radar, in an attempt to locate subsurface artifacts. At selected sites (six) profiles were described and conducted laboratory tests (physical, chemical and mineralogical) and in archaeological ceramics, the phytoliths was identified and made the mineralogy (X-rays). It was concluded that the Geoglyphs have a close relationship with the landscape position and shape. Those in the Solimões Formation were preferably constructed of convex landforms and deep soils and argillaceous (Red Latosoil). In formation detrital laterite, they are in the flat tops, tabulate, with a predominance of Red Claysoil, at lower elevations and Red Latosoil at the top of the landscape. The square geometric figures occur preferentially in dissected areas, with a predominance of Claysoil. The circular, in the most stable and evolving landscape (latossolic). The squares were built later to the circular. This demonstrates a new wave of cultural chiefdoms of different periods, or even from different chiefdoms. Only one was identified phytolite morphotype (rod) in archaeological ceramics, confirming that the Geoglyphs were built on paleoenvironments of grassland and open with a predominance of grasses. The minerals identified in the fragments of pottery are the same found in the soils of Geoglyphs and its surroundings. Physically, the profiles sampled do not showed rupture and, or, pedological discontinuities or physical anomalies that indicate arqueanthropological activity. Most of the soils of the Geoglyphs shown to be eutrophics. This improvement and supposed enrichment of these soils should be considered by the people, as in similar areas, in the same landscape in the state of Acre, were identified only Latosoils and dystrophic Claysoils. However, the level of enrichment, this fact indicates occupation (s) possible (s) of Geoglyphs, unlike the archaeological sites, where there was a sedentarization able to act as a pedogenetic agent forming the Anthroposoil. Through this research was not possible to identify which were the causes of neither the construction of the Geoglyphs nor the reason of their different forms.