Integração de métodos para o uso eficiente de água em ambientes urbanos

• Autor(a) principal: Silva, Marcos Dornelas Freitas Machado e
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/846
• topic: Água - Consumo; Água - Uso; Abastecimento de águas nas cidades; Abastecimento de água - Custos; Água - Fontes alternativas; Energia - Fontes alternativas; Water - Consumption; Water - Use; Water supply in cities; Water supply - Costs; Water - Alternative sources; Energy - Alternative sources; CNPQ::ENGENHARIAS::ENGENHARIA SANITARIA::SANEAMENTO AMBIENTAL

The issues related to water scarcity are in evidence and the search for consumption reduction technologies and alternative sources is encouraged. Several actions have been pointed out such as the improvement of consumption monitoring, identification of leaks, use of water saving fixtures and alternative sources such as greywater and rainwater. Rainwater use has been the focus of several studies due to its numerous social, environmental and economic benefits. Despite these advantages, it can also promote negative effects related to the increase in energy use due to pumping, thus it is a challenge to solve water shortage problems without increasing energy consumption. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to integrate technologies and methodologies that reduce water consumption and perform a technical and economic feasibility analysis as basis for future interventions. Three studies were developed on the subject. The first study addresses the diagnosis of water consumption and end-uses as an instrument to evaluate the best conservation measures, and presents the case-study for the Tancredo Neves International Airport. The second study discusses the use of compact units that simultaneously use alternative sources of water and energy in buildings. The last one assesses the sustainability of green areas in urban environments through an optimized irrigation system using rainwater and solar energy. For all the studies, the reduction in water consumption was significant. The rainwater treatment system presented satisfactory performance and the photovoltaic system was able to supply the energy needs. The economic feasibility analysis showed that the financial return may be obtained in short or long periods, depending on the technology adopted, water tariffs and water demand. Therefore, the studies show that it is possible to reduce the consumption of traditional sources and promote the sustainable social, economic and environmental development of the cities.