Agrobiodiversidade e quintais agroflorestais como estratégias de autonomia em assentamento rural

• Autor(a) principal: Tonini, Renato de Traglia
• Data de Publicação: 2013
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/2013
• topic: Agrobiodiversidade; Construção de conhecimento agroecológico; Autonomia; Quintais; Agrobiodiversity; Building agroecological knowledge; Autonomy; Backyards; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::CIENCIA DO SOLO

The agrobiodiversity maintains the functioning of ecological process in the environment; in addition, provides resources for human consumption, energetic demands and income to the populations. Throughout mankind history, the adoption of a low diversity agricultural matrix enhanced the regulation of the capital over the agriculture production and represents hazard to farmer s autonomy and biodiversity. The knowledge and technics of the conventional farming proclaims the simplification of agroecosystems, principally by the use of monocultures and high subjection to external inputs. As a result, it degrades the social and environmental orbs in rural zones, concentrating the territory possession and causing rural exodus. In the last decades, the social movement called Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra persuaded the establishment of rural settlements. One of them, in particular, is called Olga Benário and situates in Visconde do Rio Branco municipality (MG). Even after farmers accessed their own agroecosystems, they still have difficulty due to environmental degradation, low infrastructure and lack of technic and scientific accompaniment. In this scenario, this study tried to understand local demands of production and the needing of conservation, utilizing the scientific point of view to contribute with the local development. The main objective was to recognize and valorize the local knowledge and productive practices that contribute to the agrobiodiversity conservation in the rural settlement. The participative methods sought the construction of the local agroecological knowledge. First, a survey demonstrated the history of legal frameworks and academics projects of the settlement. These projects aimed to potentiate the sustainable production and its continuance is important. In a new moment, 26 families were visited and an ethnobotanical survey was performed in six homegardens. In the one hand, results showed that farmers recognized the importance of wildlife in ecological functioning and improvement of environment quality. In the other hand, the wildlife was considered antagonist to the agricultural production and harm to human wellbeing. Related to the vegetal agrobiodiversity, the cultivated plants presented the edible and the multiple purposes uses, as the most significant for the families. The wild plants were represented by the spontaneous trees that provide food and other resources to farmers. Some practices promoted the diversification of edible species, ass propagation of tree seedlings and selective slashing. Although, tillage, burning and some poisoning solutions reduced the local biodiversity. Finally, in the six homegardens surveyed occurred 155 species in 65 botanic families. Besides the terreiro , more 12 subunits were identified with different function in homegardens. The practices that arranged the livestock with agriculture were profitable for diversification and supporting the families. In a general way, the ownership of the farm attributed autonomy for the farmers and the local practices, that promote the diversification of production and agrobiodiversity, strengthened the family unity, enhanced food security and provided income to families.