The role of dietary fatty acid intake in inflammatory gene expression: a critical review

• Autor(a) principal: Rocha, Daniela Mayumi
• Data de Publicação: 2016
• Outros Autores: Bressan, Josefina, Hermsdorff, Helen Hermana
• Tipo de documento: Artigo
• Idioma: eng
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1516-3180.2016.008607072016; http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/12653
• topic: Dietary fats; Fatty acids; Gene expression; Inflammation; Dietary fats; Unsaturated

Diet is an important modifiable factor involved in obesity-induced inflammation. We reviewed clinical trials that assessed the effect of consumption of different fatty acids on the expression of inflammation-related genes, such as cytokines, adipokines, chemokines and transcription factors. Narrative review study conducted at a research center. This was a review on the effect of fat intake on inflammatory gene expression in humans. Consumption of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) was related to postprandial upregulation of genes associated with pro-inflammatory pathways in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), in comparison with monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) or polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake. In addition, acute intake of a high-SFA meal also induced a postprandial pro-inflammatory response for several inflammatory genes in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Both high-MUFA and high-PUFA diets showed anti-inflammatory profiles, or at least a less pronounced pro-inflammatory response than did SFA consumption. However, the results concerning the best substitute for SFAs were divergent because of the large variability in doses of MUFA (20% to 72% of energy intake) and n3 PUFA (0.4 g to 23.7% of energy intake) used in interventions. The lipid profile of the diet can modulate the genes relating to postprandial and long-term inflammation in PBMCs and adipose tissue. Identifying the optimal fat profile for inflammatory control may be a promising approach for treating chronic diseases such as obesity.