Formalidade vs. informalidade no mercado de trabalho brasileiro: uma investigação dos diferenciais de rendimento

• Autor(a) principal: Dalberto, Cassiano Ricardo
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3287
• topic: Mercado de trabalho; Setor informal (Economia); Setor informal (Economia); Contribuição previdenciária; The labor market; Informal sector (Economics); Informal sector (Economics); Social security contribution; CNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA::ECONOMIA DOS RECURSOS HUMANOS::MERCADO DE TRABALHO; POLITICA DO GOVERNO

The debate about informality in the labor market takes place in different countries and contexts, and is due in large part by the lack of consensus both as regards the definition of the term and its effects on the labor market. The different definitions of informality can lead to substantially different results. In Brazil, the traditionally adopted classification in the literature consider informal workers as those who do not have a signed work booklet. However, this definition does not distinguish the share of workers who do not contribute to social security. Given that these can enjoy the benefits offered by social security, it seems reasonable to fit them into the formal labor market. Thus, this paper adopts the concept of informal workers as those who do not contribute to social security. As regards the size of the Brazilian informality, it has been of great importance during the last decades, varying according to the criteria and the period from about one third to more than half of the employed labor force. Thus, the understanding of the possible income differentials between the formal and informal sectors is relevant, pointing out possible weaknesses and potentials for public policies aiming to improve the situation of workers of the whole economy. In this sense, the present study investigated the determinants of such differentials between sectors in different quantiles of its distribution, as well as the likelihood of formal / informal insertion. For this purpose, three methods were used: a Probit model in order to understand the influence of individual, geographical and sectoral characteristics on the likelihood of inclusion in the formal or informal sector; a quantile regression model, allowing the analysis and comparison of the labor income determinants between both sectors; and a quantile decomposition of income differentials between formal and informal workers, allowing better visualization of the segmentation occurrence between these sectors through discrimination in earnings. The results found by the Probit model indicate that the most important factors affecting the likelihood of being formal are, in general, the geographical and sectorial characteristics, with higher penalties for the agriculture sector and the Northeast region. As for the quantile regression model, the results obtained, particularly for the experience and education, present evidence of the occurrence of segmentation in terms of returns to productive attributes. Although informal workers have returns to human capital attributes close to those of the formal workers at the bottom of the income distribution, and inx some cases having relatively more advantages, the same is not true for employees located at the top of the distribution. Finally, through the quantile decomposition model it is possible to realize that substantial part of the income differences found between formal and informal workers is due solely by the allocation between these sectors, which indicates the occurrence of segmentation. It is verified that the workers who are most affected by such segmentation are those with lower incomes, located at the base of the distribution.