Trocas gasosas e predição do estado nutricional de bananeiras tipo prata em ambiente semiário

• Autor(a) principal: Arantes, Alessandro de Magalhães
• Data de Publicação: 2014
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1238
• topic: Bananeira - Cultivo; Produtividade; Fisiologia; Genótipos; Parâmetros fotossíntéticos; Banana Tree - Cultivation; Productivity; Physiology; Genotypes; Photosynthetic parameters; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOTECNIA

The agronomic evaluation is critical to recommending cultivars and to subsidize particular production systems. These are studies involving vegetative traits and yield, but also physiological characters. The work was divided into three stages: the first aimed to evaluate vegetative, yield and physiological characteristics of six banana type Prata cultivars in two production cycles in a semiarid environment. They were used as treatments of the six cultivars of banana: Prata-Anã (AAB) and hybrids (AAAB), 'FHIA-01' ('Maravilha'); 'FHIA-18'; 'BRS FHIA-18'; 'BRS Platina' (PA42-44) derived from 'Prata dwarf' x M53 (AA) and JV42-135, derived from the 'Prata Java' x M53, arranged in a completely randomized design with five replications and four useful plants per plot. For the physiological traits measured in the third leaf was considered an arrangement in factorial 6x14x2, arranged in a completely randomized design, six cultivars, 14 evaluation periods (months), two readings, 08:00 a.m. and 02:00 p.m in each day. The 'Maravilha' is the most productive, with larger mass, greater bunches mass, larger fruit in length and diameter; JV42-135 has larger bunch, smaller number of hands and fruits; 'BRS FHIA-18' is less vigorous; 'BRS Platina' is more akin to the 'Prata dwarf'. The cultivars expressing the same pattern of gas exchange. The stomatal conductance (gs), the rate of photosynthesis (A), transpiration rate (E), the carboxylation efficiency and instantaneous water use efficiency (A/E), are larger at 08:00 a.m. and smaller at 02:00 p.m., with rare exceptions. The 'BRS Platina' has higher leaf temperature, increased sweating and reduced efficiency of water use. 'Prata dwarf' expressed less leaf transpiration and lower temperature, as well as 'FHIA-18' and 'Maravilha', which is the most efficient in water use. Transpiration rates increase linearly with increasing temperature of the leaf, while the instantaneous water use efficiency decreases linearly with increasing leaf temperature in all cultivars. In the second stage, aimed to evaluate banana Pome type grown in different irrigation systems. We used 72 treatments in a factorial 3x2x12, with three irrigation systems (subcopa sprinkler, micro sprinkler and drip), two cultivars ( Prata-Anã and 'BRS Platina') and 12 evaluation periods (months) - corresponding to the period October 2009 to September 2010, arranged in a completely randomized design with five replications. Plant height, pseudostem girth at ground level, number of leaves at flowering, weight of bunches, number of hands per bunch, bunch weight and total leaf area, leaf gas exchange, leaf temperature and incident radiation on leaf were evaluated in the third cycle of production in five different readings for each season. No significant interactions between irrigation and cultivars for the phytotechnical characteristics were observed. Plant height, pseudostem girth and number of hands per bunch ranged from irrigation systems, while productivity was similar. Banana plants have increased vigor and greater number of hands when grown under sprinkler sprayer and subcopa compared to drip, regardless of cultivar. Prata-Anã presents greater leaf area and number of hands that 'BRS Platina', regardless of the irrigation system used. Banana Pome type drip irrigated shows a greater leaf temperature, a greater transpiration rate and lower instantaneous efficiency of water use. The transpiration rate increases linearly with the increase of leaf temperature, while the instantaneous water use efficiency decreases linearly with the increasing leaf temperature. Banana plants irrigated with micro sprinklers have a greater efficiency of water use. In the last step, aimed to select regression equations, based on the correlation between chlorophyll index, estimated by portable meter, and foliar nutrient concentrations determined in the laboratory for real- time prediction of the nutritional status of banana Pome type. As treatments were utilized, six banana cultivars: Prata-Anã (AAB) and hybrids (AAAB), FHIA-01 (Maravilha); FHIA-18; BRS FHIA-18; BRS Platina (PA42-44) derived from ' Prata- Anã x M53 (AA); and JV42-135, derived from the 'Prata Java' x M53. Five replications and four plants per plot were used, arranged in a completely randomized design. We assessed the levels of nutrients and chlorophyll contents with a chlorophyll-Clorofilog CFL1030 Falker ® in the third sheet. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, we calculated the correlations between foliar nutrients and chlorophyll index and adjusted regression equations for the cases of correlation with greater magnitude. Equations were selected to estimate the foliar nutrient concentrations for all cultivars: 'Maravilha', N and Mg as a function of chlorophyll b, B and Zn as a function of chlorophyll a; 'BRS FHIA-18' C and Zn as a function of chlorophyll, N and Mn based on Total chlorophyll; 'FHIA-18' K as a function of total chlorophyll; 'BRS Platina', depending on the Mg b and Total chlorophyll; Prata-Anã , N, Mn, Zn and B as a function of total chlorophyll, B and Mn based on chlorophyll b; JV42-135, Mg and Mn as a function of total chlorophyll. The adjusted regression models allow prediction, with certainty, in real time and at low cost, the nutritional status of banana Pome type. It is an auxiliary tool, which combined with leaf analysis and soil analysis, contributes to a more careful and safe nutritional assessment.