Caracterização de cogumelos de Pleurotus ostreatus e Lentinula edodes produzidos em resíduos agroindustriais

• Autor(a) principal: Ribeiro, João Júlio Oliveira
• Data de Publicação: 2009
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1540
• topic: Produção; Cogumelos comestíveis; Beta-glucano; Production; Edible mushrooms; β-glucan; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA::FITOSSANIDADE::MICROBIOLOGIA AGRICOLA

Mushrooms were known and consumed by the Roman, Greek, Chinese, Egyptian and Central America civilizations. Today, more than two thousand species of potentially edible mushrooms are recognized, however, a little more than 10 are commercially exploited in the world. The consumption of mushrooms has been increasing because of the nutritional and medicinal qualities of these products. White rot fungi, including many edible and medicinal fungi, in special Lentinula edodes (shiitake) and Pleurotus ostreatus (hiratake), are saprophytic and able to use lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose as carbon and nutrient sources. These characteristics make them able to be cultivated in a large variety of materials as agro-industrial wastes that could be used as alternative low-cost substrates for mushroom production. To increase the efficiency of the production of mushrooms, these wastes can be supplemented with nitrogen sources, like cereal and oleagenous seed brans, such as rice, soybean and wheat. This study aimed at evaluating the productivity of P. ostreatus and L. edodes in different agro-industrial wastes, supplemented or not with rice bran or urea, and nutritionally characterize the mushrooms produced. The harvesting of mushrooms started 30 and 110 days after inoculation of the substrates with P. ostreatus and L. edodes, respectively. Biological efficiencies (EB) obtained varied from 5.25 to 105.0 % for P. ostreatus and from 40.75 to 138.0% for L. edodes and the largest EB for both species was obtained in the sugarcane waste substrate added with rice bran. The mushrooms produced by either species showed significant levels of minerals, especially phosphorus and magnesium, with average values of 1.1 % and 0.16 %, respectively, in the dry mass of the mushrooms of P. ostreatus, and 0.7 % and 0.13 % for mushrooms of L. edodes, and varied with the substrate of cultivation and nitrogen supplementation. Average values of soluble protein of 8.78 mg g-1 were obtained for P. ostreatus and of 8.3 mg g-1 for L. edodes, and varied according to the fungal isolate tested. The mushrooms produced by both species showed calcium concentrations lower than 0.016 % in the dry mass. The addition of nitrogen to the agro-industrial wastes increased the concentration of β-glucans in the mushrooms. In P. ostreatus, β-glucans concentrations corresponded to 22.9 g per 100 g of dry mass of the mushrooms produced in substrates without nitrogen supplementation and 27.0 g per 100 g substrates with rice bran. The shiitake mushrooms are rich in β-glucan showing average concentration of 38 g per 100 g in different substrates. It can be concluded that the agro-industrial wastes tested have a high potential for being used as substrates for the production of P. ostreatus and L. edodes, and supplementation with nitrogen maximizes not only EB of the fungi, but also nutrient accumulation in the mushrooms, showing a possible gain in nutritional quality for human health.