Atividade antimicrobiana do óleo de copaíba (Copaifera langsdorffii) e seus constituintes, e avaliação do bioproduto obtido na inibição de bactérias da placa dental de cães

• Autor(a) principal: Pieri, Fábio Alessandro
• Data de Publicação: 2012
• Tipo de documento: Tese
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/1467
• topic: Fitoterápicos; Copaiba; Periodontia; Cães; Herbal Medicines; Copaiba; Periodontics; dogs; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::MEDICINA VETERINARIA::MEDICINA VETERINARIA PREVENTIVA::DOENCAS INFECCIOSAS DE ANIMAIS

Periodontal disease affects about 85% of dogs older than four years and is caused by the buildup of plaque on the tooth surface and its body's reaction.In other work, Copaiba oil presented positive results in the inhibition of dental plaque in dogs, however the literature do not present any study that identifying this activity against bacteria from dog s dental plaque "in vitro" and to establishing the oil active substances. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of copaiba oil (Copaifera langsdorffii) and its constituents, and evaluate the bioproduct obtained in the inhibition of dental plaque bacteria in dogs. C. langsdorffii oil was used, subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation and its last fraction had its compounds identified. The supragingival dental plaque of ten dogs aged between one and two years was obtained, grown on Mitis Salivarius agar with serial dilutions to obtain isolated colonies that was cultivated to pure cultures. The bacteria were identified using the PCR technique to amplify a part of the 16S rDNA gene and the amplified fragments were sequenced and compared with the sequences deposited in GenBank. The oil s antimicrobial activity was tested by agar diffusion test against 27 isolates of Escherichia coli from mastitic milk, an field isolated of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Haemophilus parasuis and reference strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella flexneri and Citrobacter freundi. The antibacterial ability of oil and its fractions was tested against 20 isolates of dog s dental plaque bacteria with the same methodology. One of the major compounds identified in the last fraction obtained was selected and had its minimum inhibitory concentration evaluated against 34 isolates of dental plaque bacteria from dogs and was tested in an assay using dogs to check their ability to inhibit plaque formation "in vivo" compared to a negative control and a positive with 0.125% chlorhexidine. Dental plaque was obtained from 10 dogs and 183 isolates were isolated and identified with a predominance of the genera Staphylococcus (20.2%), Enterococcus (19.1%) and Streptococcus (18%). Copaiba oil inhibited the standard strains of E. coli, S. flexneri, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus with inhibition zones with 17, 18, 15 and 18mm respectively. Eight wild strains of E. coli were sensitive to the oil showing halos ranging among 12 to 34mm. When tested on dental plaque bacteria isolated from dogs, copaiba oil inhibited 16/20 isolates with halos ranging among 10 and 15mm, and with respect to its constituints, the not acid fraction was more effective than acid fraction, with activity against 17/20 and 8/20 isolates respectively. The last fraction was obtained from the not acid and was able to inhibit 18/20 of target isolates. The selected compound was called LDBACUFV01 and had established its minimum inhibitory concentration against the isolates, being able to inhibit 72% and was considered qualified for the "in vivo" assay. The bioproduct was applied in dogs and had better effect in reducing dental plaque the formation than negative control (p<0.001) and positive control (p<0.05), with plaque coverage about 23.3%, 65% and 37.5% of total area of teeth respectively. In conclusion, copaiba oil presented antibacterial activity against bacteria of dogs dental plaque and a bioproduct obtained, with a sesquiterpene component of this oil, may be used in reduction of dental plaque in dogs.