Análise técnica e econômica de um sistema de transplantio semi- mecanizado de tomate industrial

Detalhes bibliográficos
Autor(a) principal: Machado, Túlio de Almeida
Data de Publicação: 2013
Tipo de documento: Dissertação
Idioma: por
Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3651
Resumo: Presently Brazil occupies the 5th position in world production of tomatoes for industrial processing and is the leading producing country in South America as well as the largest consumer of industrialized tomato derivatives. Creeping tomato production is becoming important in new developing areas specially at the Cerrado region, in the states of Goiás and Minas Gerais where edaphic climatic conditions favor crop production. Considering its economic importance, production for industrial processing is being improved with consequent crop yield increases and cost reductions. There is no relevant research work available related to semi mechanized transplanting system but its similarity with the fertilizing seeding machinery available and qualitative factors related to crop deployment are relevant to the conduction of the present work with the following purposes: assessment of energy demand in the operations of fertilization and transplantation; technical and economic evaluation of semi mechanized transplanting; and influence of operating speeds over plant stands. Field work was conducted at Santa Rosa farm, in the municipality of Morrinhos GO, from February to June 2012 in a Dark Red Latossol, using a tractor New Holland Model TM 7010, 4x2 front wheel assist (FWA) with nominal power of 141 cv (104 kW) pulling a precision fertilizer equipment brand CLC, Model 7AS-2 for direct seeding and a transplanting machine Ferrari, Model FX with four transplanting units spaced 1.2 m between lines and capacity of 36 trays and 630 kg. Experimental design was a complete randomized block with four replicates combining three operating speeds and three engine rotations in each operation. Drawbar force and power were evaluated, as well as fuel consumption: time, specific and operational fuel. Results obtained demonstrated that drawbar force and power were increased as forward speed increased. Drawbar traction and power during the fertilizing operation were influenced by chisel opener depth. Even not being statistically significant variables related to time and operational consumption presented a tendency toward the interaction of factors. Technical and economic analyses were performed with the utilization of mechanized sets for the following operations: fertilization; transplanting; pulverization; harrowing; and fertilizer supply. Time required to carry out various operations of mechanized sets was evaluate as well as their fixed and variable costs. The analysis of each set was based on the total time spent in each operation according to the production costs. Transplanting demanded the highest production cost due to its high total time consumption, high fixed and variable costs. Variable cost of pulverization was larger than fixed total cost. Total production cost was US$ 8418.82 during the entire transplanting period. To evaluate the influence of operation speed it was used a FERRARI transplanting engine model FX, pulled by a tractor New Holland brand, model TM 7010, 4x2 front wheel assist (FWA). Operation speeds evaluated were 1.83, 1.66, and 1.53 km h-1, and seedling count was obtained after passage of demarcation of mechanized set in the delimited plot areas. Effect of the transplantation speed was analyzed by using control charts and MMEP (Exponentially Weighted Moving Average) in which the data were analyzed considering the different speeds and the estimated seedling stands at each point. Only at 1.83 km h-1 all observations remained under control in both situations. Transplanting speeds affected final plant stands in all processes studied and this may be explained by poor uniformity of seedlings transplanted. With higher operating speeds uniformity of seedling deposition in the soil was negatively affected, which resulted in increased work done by laborers, required for seedling replant.
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spelling Machado, Túlio de Almeidahttp://lattes.cnpq.br/7718575334057071Valente, Domingos Sárvio Magalhãeshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/8080945803303151Fernandes, Haroldo Carloshttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4761460E6Santos, Fábio Lúciohttp://lattes.cnpq.br/9958949069384359Resende, Ricardo Capúcio dehttp://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4727053A42015-03-26T13:23:53Z2014-01-272015-03-26T13:23:53Z2013-07-29MACHADO, Túlio de Almeida. Technical and economic analysis of a system of semi mechanized transplanting tomato industry. 2013. 110 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Construções rurais e ambiência; Energia na agricultura; Mecanização agrícola; Processamento de produ) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2013.http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3651Presently Brazil occupies the 5th position in world production of tomatoes for industrial processing and is the leading producing country in South America as well as the largest consumer of industrialized tomato derivatives. Creeping tomato production is becoming important in new developing areas specially at the Cerrado region, in the states of Goiás and Minas Gerais where edaphic climatic conditions favor crop production. Considering its economic importance, production for industrial processing is being improved with consequent crop yield increases and cost reductions. There is no relevant research work available related to semi mechanized transplanting system but its similarity with the fertilizing seeding machinery available and qualitative factors related to crop deployment are relevant to the conduction of the present work with the following purposes: assessment of energy demand in the operations of fertilization and transplantation; technical and economic evaluation of semi mechanized transplanting; and influence of operating speeds over plant stands. Field work was conducted at Santa Rosa farm, in the municipality of Morrinhos GO, from February to June 2012 in a Dark Red Latossol, using a tractor New Holland Model TM 7010, 4x2 front wheel assist (FWA) with nominal power of 141 cv (104 kW) pulling a precision fertilizer equipment brand CLC, Model 7AS-2 for direct seeding and a transplanting machine Ferrari, Model FX with four transplanting units spaced 1.2 m between lines and capacity of 36 trays and 630 kg. Experimental design was a complete randomized block with four replicates combining three operating speeds and three engine rotations in each operation. Drawbar force and power were evaluated, as well as fuel consumption: time, specific and operational fuel. Results obtained demonstrated that drawbar force and power were increased as forward speed increased. Drawbar traction and power during the fertilizing operation were influenced by chisel opener depth. Even not being statistically significant variables related to time and operational consumption presented a tendency toward the interaction of factors. Technical and economic analyses were performed with the utilization of mechanized sets for the following operations: fertilization; transplanting; pulverization; harrowing; and fertilizer supply. Time required to carry out various operations of mechanized sets was evaluate as well as their fixed and variable costs. The analysis of each set was based on the total time spent in each operation according to the production costs. Transplanting demanded the highest production cost due to its high total time consumption, high fixed and variable costs. Variable cost of pulverization was larger than fixed total cost. Total production cost was US$ 8418.82 during the entire transplanting period. To evaluate the influence of operation speed it was used a FERRARI transplanting engine model FX, pulled by a tractor New Holland brand, model TM 7010, 4x2 front wheel assist (FWA). Operation speeds evaluated were 1.83, 1.66, and 1.53 km h-1, and seedling count was obtained after passage of demarcation of mechanized set in the delimited plot areas. Effect of the transplantation speed was analyzed by using control charts and MMEP (Exponentially Weighted Moving Average) in which the data were analyzed considering the different speeds and the estimated seedling stands at each point. Only at 1.83 km h-1 all observations remained under control in both situations. Transplanting speeds affected final plant stands in all processes studied and this may be explained by poor uniformity of seedlings transplanted. With higher operating speeds uniformity of seedling deposition in the soil was negatively affected, which resulted in increased work done by laborers, required for seedling replant.Atualmente, o Brasil é o 5o maior produtor mundial de tomate para processamento industrial. Na América do Sul, o Brasil lidera a produção de tomate para processamento industrial, sendo o maior mercado consumidor de seus derivados industrializados. A produção de tomate rasteiro tem se destacado nas novas fronteiras da cultura, especificamente em regiões de Cerrado nos estados de Goiás e Minas Gerais, onde as condições edafo-climáticas são mais favoráveis à cultura. Devido ao crescimento econômico da cultura, o sistema de produção de tomate para processamento industrial vem passando por melhorias, o que tem resultado em otimização dos processos, ganhos de produtividade e redução de custos. Não há trabalhos relevantes em relação ao sistema de transplantio semi mecanizado, porém, a sua semelhança com as semeadoras- adubadoras em relação ao sistema de trabalho e fatores qualitativos em relação ao estande de implantação da cultura são relevantes para a realização desse trabalho. Deste modo, objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar os seguintes quesitos: demanda energética para operações de adubação e transplantio, avaliação técnica e econômica no sistema semi mecanizado de transplantio e a influência de diferentes velocidades para os estandes analisados. Todos os trabalhos foram executados na fazenda Santa Rosa, no município de Morrinhos, Goiás, no período de fevereiro a junho de 2012. O experimento conduzido para a determinação da demanda energética nas operações de adubação e transplantio foi desenvolvido em um Latossolo Vermelho Escuro, onde foi utilizado um trator agrícola marca New Holland, modelo TM 7010, 4x2 TDA, com potência nominal de 141 cv (104 kW) tracionando uma adubadora de precisão, marca SLC, modelo 7AS-2 para plantio direto e uma transplantadora, marca Ferrari, modelo FX, para plantio direto, com quatro unidades de transplantio espaçadas a 1,2 m entre linhas, com capacidade para 36 bandejas e massa de 630 kg. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, combinando-se três velocidades de deslocamento e três rotações do motor em cada operação. Avaliaram-se a força de tração, a potência na barra de tração e os consumos: horário, especifico e operacional de combustível. Os resultados revelaram que a força de tração e a potência na operação de adubação apresentaram grande influência a partir da profundidade de trabalho da haste sulcadora. Apesar de não significativas estatisticamente, as variáveis de consumo horário e consumo operacional possuíram uma tendência de consumo em relação à interação dos fatores. O trabalho desenvolvido para a avaliação técnica e econômica foi realizado empregando-se conjuntos mecanizados para operações de: adubação, transplantio, pulverização, destorroamento e abastecimento de fertilizantes. Foram analisados tempos necessários para a realização de diversas operações dos conjuntos mecanizados e também os seus respectivos custos fixos e variáveis. A análise de cada conjunto foi realizada pelo produto de horas totais despendidas em cada operação em função dos custos de produção. Sendo assim, a operação de transplantio obteve maior custo de produção, por ser o conjunto mecanizado de maior tempo total e operação e com maiores custos fixos e variáveis. Apenas a operação de pulverização se mostrou com custo variável total maior que o custo fixo total. O custo de produção total foi de 8.418,82 US$ em todo o período de operação de transplantio. Com o objetivo de se avaliar a influência da velocidade de operação no processo de transplantio, a avaliação de estandes em diferentes velocidades empregou uma transplantadora da marca FERRARI modelo FX, tracionada por um trator da marca New Holland, modelo TM 7010, 4x2 com tração dianteira auxiliar (TDA). As velocidades analisadas foram de 1,83; 1,66 e 1,56 km h-1, sendo que a contagem das mudas foi obtida após a demarcação e a passagem do conjunto mecanizado pelas parcelas delimitadas. A análise da influência da velocidade no transplantio foi realizada por meio da utilização de cartas de controle e da MMEP (Média móvel exponencialmente ponderada), em que os dados foram analisados em função de velocidades e dos estandes estimados em cada ponto. Apenas na velocidade de 1,83 km h-1 todas as observações se mantiveram sob controle em ambas as situações. As velocidades de transplantio modificaram os estandes finais nos processos estudados e este fato pode ser explicado devido a uma falta de uniformidade de espaçamento entre as mudas transplantadas. Com uma maior velocidade operacional, a deposição de mudas no solo se deu de maneira desuniforme, onde, nessa condição, houve um maior repasse por parte dos diaristas.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superiorapplication/pdfporUniversidade Federal de ViçosaMestrado em Engenharia AgrícolaUFVBRConstruções rurais e ambiência; Energia na agricultura; Mecanização agrícola; Processamento de produAnáliseSistema de transplantioTomateAnalysisSystem of transplantingTomatoCNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLAAnálise técnica e econômica de um sistema de transplantio semi- mecanizado de tomate industrialTechnical and economic analysis of a system of semi mechanized transplanting tomato industryinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessreponame:LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFVinstname:Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV)instacron:UFVORIGINALtexto completo.pdfapplication/pdf4539942https://locus.ufv.br//bitstream/123456789/3651/1/texto%20completo.pdf6f116cdb7cc0820476472e5f714f5603MD51TEXTtexto completo.pdf.txttexto completo.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain164759https://locus.ufv.br//bitstream/123456789/3651/2/texto%20completo.pdf.txt4720e176162bd3786f16c07eccf4c11bMD52THUMBNAILtexto completo.pdf.jpgtexto completo.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg3620https://locus.ufv.br//bitstream/123456789/3651/3/texto%20completo.pdf.jpg509fc253f245274b78e51807db830debMD53123456789/36512016-04-09 23:10:49.927oai:locus.ufv.br:123456789/3651Repositório InstitucionalPUBhttps://www.locus.ufv.br/oai/requestfabiojreis@ufv.bropendoar:21452016-04-10T02:10:49LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV - Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV)false
dc.title.por.fl_str_mv Análise técnica e econômica de um sistema de transplantio semi- mecanizado de tomate industrial
dc.title.alternative.eng.fl_str_mv Technical and economic analysis of a system of semi mechanized transplanting tomato industry
title Análise técnica e econômica de um sistema de transplantio semi- mecanizado de tomate industrial
spellingShingle Análise técnica e econômica de um sistema de transplantio semi- mecanizado de tomate industrial
Machado, Túlio de Almeida
Análise
Sistema de transplantio
Tomate
Analysis
System of transplanting
Tomato
CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA
title_short Análise técnica e econômica de um sistema de transplantio semi- mecanizado de tomate industrial
title_full Análise técnica e econômica de um sistema de transplantio semi- mecanizado de tomate industrial
title_fullStr Análise técnica e econômica de um sistema de transplantio semi- mecanizado de tomate industrial
title_full_unstemmed Análise técnica e econômica de um sistema de transplantio semi- mecanizado de tomate industrial
title_sort Análise técnica e econômica de um sistema de transplantio semi- mecanizado de tomate industrial
author Machado, Túlio de Almeida
author_facet Machado, Túlio de Almeida
author_role author
dc.contributor.authorLattes.por.fl_str_mv http://lattes.cnpq.br/7718575334057071
dc.contributor.author.fl_str_mv Machado, Túlio de Almeida
dc.contributor.advisor-co1.fl_str_mv Valente, Domingos Sárvio Magalhães
dc.contributor.advisor-co1Lattes.fl_str_mv http://lattes.cnpq.br/8080945803303151
dc.contributor.advisor-co2.fl_str_mv Fernandes, Haroldo Carlos
dc.contributor.advisor-co2Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4761460E6
dc.contributor.advisor1.fl_str_mv Santos, Fábio Lúcio
dc.contributor.advisor1Lattes.fl_str_mv http://lattes.cnpq.br/9958949069384359
dc.contributor.referee1.fl_str_mv Resende, Ricardo Capúcio de
dc.contributor.referee1Lattes.fl_str_mv http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4727053A4
contributor_str_mv Valente, Domingos Sárvio Magalhães
Fernandes, Haroldo Carlos
Santos, Fábio Lúcio
Resende, Ricardo Capúcio de
dc.subject.por.fl_str_mv Análise
Sistema de transplantio
Tomate
topic Análise
Sistema de transplantio
Tomate
Analysis
System of transplanting
Tomato
CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv Analysis
System of transplanting
Tomato
dc.subject.cnpq.fl_str_mv CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA
description Presently Brazil occupies the 5th position in world production of tomatoes for industrial processing and is the leading producing country in South America as well as the largest consumer of industrialized tomato derivatives. Creeping tomato production is becoming important in new developing areas specially at the Cerrado region, in the states of Goiás and Minas Gerais where edaphic climatic conditions favor crop production. Considering its economic importance, production for industrial processing is being improved with consequent crop yield increases and cost reductions. There is no relevant research work available related to semi mechanized transplanting system but its similarity with the fertilizing seeding machinery available and qualitative factors related to crop deployment are relevant to the conduction of the present work with the following purposes: assessment of energy demand in the operations of fertilization and transplantation; technical and economic evaluation of semi mechanized transplanting; and influence of operating speeds over plant stands. Field work was conducted at Santa Rosa farm, in the municipality of Morrinhos GO, from February to June 2012 in a Dark Red Latossol, using a tractor New Holland Model TM 7010, 4x2 front wheel assist (FWA) with nominal power of 141 cv (104 kW) pulling a precision fertilizer equipment brand CLC, Model 7AS-2 for direct seeding and a transplanting machine Ferrari, Model FX with four transplanting units spaced 1.2 m between lines and capacity of 36 trays and 630 kg. Experimental design was a complete randomized block with four replicates combining three operating speeds and three engine rotations in each operation. Drawbar force and power were evaluated, as well as fuel consumption: time, specific and operational fuel. Results obtained demonstrated that drawbar force and power were increased as forward speed increased. Drawbar traction and power during the fertilizing operation were influenced by chisel opener depth. Even not being statistically significant variables related to time and operational consumption presented a tendency toward the interaction of factors. Technical and economic analyses were performed with the utilization of mechanized sets for the following operations: fertilization; transplanting; pulverization; harrowing; and fertilizer supply. Time required to carry out various operations of mechanized sets was evaluate as well as their fixed and variable costs. The analysis of each set was based on the total time spent in each operation according to the production costs. Transplanting demanded the highest production cost due to its high total time consumption, high fixed and variable costs. Variable cost of pulverization was larger than fixed total cost. Total production cost was US$ 8418.82 during the entire transplanting period. To evaluate the influence of operation speed it was used a FERRARI transplanting engine model FX, pulled by a tractor New Holland brand, model TM 7010, 4x2 front wheel assist (FWA). Operation speeds evaluated were 1.83, 1.66, and 1.53 km h-1, and seedling count was obtained after passage of demarcation of mechanized set in the delimited plot areas. Effect of the transplantation speed was analyzed by using control charts and MMEP (Exponentially Weighted Moving Average) in which the data were analyzed considering the different speeds and the estimated seedling stands at each point. Only at 1.83 km h-1 all observations remained under control in both situations. Transplanting speeds affected final plant stands in all processes studied and this may be explained by poor uniformity of seedlings transplanted. With higher operating speeds uniformity of seedling deposition in the soil was negatively affected, which resulted in increased work done by laborers, required for seedling replant.
publishDate 2013
dc.date.issued.fl_str_mv 2013-07-29
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv 2014-01-27
2015-03-26T13:23:53Z
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dc.identifier.citation.fl_str_mv MACHADO, Túlio de Almeida. Technical and economic analysis of a system of semi mechanized transplanting tomato industry. 2013. 110 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Construções rurais e ambiência; Energia na agricultura; Mecanização agrícola; Processamento de produ) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2013.
dc.identifier.uri.fl_str_mv http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3651
identifier_str_mv MACHADO, Túlio de Almeida. Technical and economic analysis of a system of semi mechanized transplanting tomato industry. 2013. 110 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Construções rurais e ambiência; Energia na agricultura; Mecanização agrícola; Processamento de produ) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2013.
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