Análise técnica e econômica de um sistema de transplantio semi- mecanizado de tomate industrial

• Autor(a) principal: Machado, Túlio de Almeida
• Data de Publicação: 2013
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3651
• topic: Análise; Sistema de transplantio; Tomate; Analysis; System of transplanting; Tomato; CNPQ::CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA

Presently Brazil occupies the 5th position in world production of tomatoes for industrial processing and is the leading producing country in South America as well as the largest consumer of industrialized tomato derivatives. Creeping tomato production is becoming important in new developing areas specially at the Cerrado region, in the states of Goiás and Minas Gerais where edaphic climatic conditions favor crop production. Considering its economic importance, production for industrial processing is being improved with consequent crop yield increases and cost reductions. There is no relevant research work available related to semi mechanized transplanting system but its similarity with the fertilizing seeding machinery available and qualitative factors related to crop deployment are relevant to the conduction of the present work with the following purposes: assessment of energy demand in the operations of fertilization and transplantation; technical and economic evaluation of semi mechanized transplanting; and influence of operating speeds over plant stands. Field work was conducted at Santa Rosa farm, in the municipality of Morrinhos GO, from February to June 2012 in a Dark Red Latossol, using a tractor New Holland Model TM 7010, 4x2 front wheel assist (FWA) with nominal power of 141 cv (104 kW) pulling a precision fertilizer equipment brand CLC, Model 7AS-2 for direct seeding and a transplanting machine Ferrari, Model FX with four transplanting units spaced 1.2 m between lines and capacity of 36 trays and 630 kg. Experimental design was a complete randomized block with four replicates combining three operating speeds and three engine rotations in each operation. Drawbar force and power were evaluated, as well as fuel consumption: time, specific and operational fuel. Results obtained demonstrated that drawbar force and power were increased as forward speed increased. Drawbar traction and power during the fertilizing operation were influenced by chisel opener depth. Even not being statistically significant variables related to time and operational consumption presented a tendency toward the interaction of factors. Technical and economic analyses were performed with the utilization of mechanized sets for the following operations: fertilization; transplanting; pulverization; harrowing; and fertilizer supply. Time required to carry out various operations of mechanized sets was evaluate as well as their fixed and variable costs. The analysis of each set was based on the total time spent in each operation according to the production costs. Transplanting demanded the highest production cost due to its high total time consumption, high fixed and variable costs. Variable cost of pulverization was larger than fixed total cost. Total production cost was US$ 8418.82 during the entire transplanting period. To evaluate the influence of operation speed it was used a FERRARI transplanting engine model FX, pulled by a tractor New Holland brand, model TM 7010, 4x2 front wheel assist (FWA). Operation speeds evaluated were 1.83, 1.66, and 1.53 km h-1, and seedling count was obtained after passage of demarcation of mechanized set in the delimited plot areas. Effect of the transplantation speed was analyzed by using control charts and MMEP (Exponentially Weighted Moving Average) in which the data were analyzed considering the different speeds and the estimated seedling stands at each point. Only at 1.83 km h-1 all observations remained under control in both situations. Transplanting speeds affected final plant stands in all processes studied and this may be explained by poor uniformity of seedlings transplanted. With higher operating speeds uniformity of seedling deposition in the soil was negatively affected, which resulted in increased work done by laborers, required for seedling replant.