Avaliação do perfil dietético, estado nutricional e composição corporal de crianças prematuras, ao nascer e com 2-4 anos de idade

• Autor(a) principal: Simplício, Mayla Paula Torres
• Data de Publicação: 2011
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/2738
• topic: Prematuridade; Estado nutricional; Antropometria; Composição corporal; Saúde da criança; Prematurity; Nutritional status; Anthropometry; Body composition; CNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::NUTRICAO

Children born prematurely have a higher risk of growth deficits throughout childhood compared to children born at term, especially when it is associated with inadequate dietary patterns. Also, is becoming increasingly clear the relationship between preterm infants and a higher risk of developing obesity, hypertension, diabetes and changes in the lipid profile. Therefore, the aim of this study was: a) to establish the anthropometric and dietaryprofile of Preterm Newborn (PTN) Adequate for Gestational Age (AGA) during hospitalization after birth in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit or nursery of the Hospital São Sebastião, in the city of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil; b) to compare the anthropometric profile of the study population with the main cross-sectional curves of intrauterine growth of international and national literature, as well as a sample of the Term Newborn (TN); c) to describe the growth and body composition of PTN-AGA at 2-4 years of life, and d) to identify the factors associated with growth and adiposity of PTNAGA at 2-4 years. The study consisted of four stages of development as follows: a) collection of retrospective data, b) contacting the child's family at home, c) nutritional assessment conducted in the Health Division Unit (DSA/HDU), d) clinical assessment held at HDU. Multivariate analysis was performed based on the hierarchical model of analysis, and dependent variables being the z-score of height / age, as an index of linear growth, and z-score of body mass index / age and the percentage of body fat, as indicators of adiposity. There had been selected PTN-AGA, with Gestational Age (GA) between 26-36 weeks, born between January 2006 and December 2007. Additionally, a group of TN-AGA (n = 29) with GA between 38-41 weeks, born between January 2006 and December 2007, was selected searching for compare the data during hospitalization after birth of PTNAGA. There has been identified, from the inclusion criteria, 68 PTN-AGA eligible to participate in the study. Of these, 37 participated of the nutritional and clinical assessment at HDU. It was verified that children are born presenting anthropometric measurements as expected by the principal crosssectional curves of intrauterine growth. However, further gains are insufficient and may affect significantly the prognosis of health of these children. There is a need for greater inclusion of breast milk during the entire period of hospitalization. At 2-4 years old, it has been found that children born prematurely showed different patterns of growth: on one hand the persistence of deficits is still persistent, and the other is the recovery, by questioning the quality of gains observed and its health consequences. It was identified that the greater the degree of prematurity of the child, greater was its consequences on growth and body composition. For the present study, it was demonstrated that the nutritional deficits identified are apparently more harmful to children's health compared to recovery. Gender, maternal education, birth weight, age at introduction of solid foods and fruits in child feeding, family history of obesity, physical activity, the identification of sequels and length of child s hospital staying after birth were the factors independently associated with growth and adiposity of premature infants at 2-4 years old.