Distribuição geográfica, filogeografia e história evolutiva da abelha sem ferrão Melipona quadrifasciata (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

• Autor(a) principal: Batalha Filho, Henrique
• Data de Publicação: 2008
• Tipo de documento: Dissertação
• Idioma: por
• Título da fonte: LOCUS Repositório Institucional da UFV
• Texto Completo: http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4673
• topic: Filogeografia; Biogeografia; DNA mitocondrial; Melipona quadrifasciata; Região neotropical; Phylogeography; Biogeography; Mithocondrial DNA; Melipona quadrifasciata; Neotropical region; CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::GENETICA::GENETICA ANIMAL

Melipona quadrifasciata, regionally known as mandaçaia , presents two distinct subspecies: M. quadrifasciata anthidioides and M. quadrifasciata quadrifasciata. They differ in the yellow tergal stripes, which are continuous in M. q. quadrifasciata and discontinuous in M. q. anthidioides. The correlation between geographic distribution and metasomal coloration was investigated and characterized the restriction sites in the mtDNA of both morphotypes of M. quadrifasciata, as determined by the tergal stripes patterns. Specimens from 198 localities were examined, and the variation observed in the pattern of tergal stripes was grouped into four distinct classes. The distribution pattern of M. quadrifasciata found in the present work agrees with the previously reported pattern for this species, i.e., M. q. quadrifasciata, a form characterized by continuous tergal stripes, inhabits the southern portion of the distribution, from Rio Grande do Sul to southern São Paulo, including Misiones, in Argentina, and southeastern Paraguay to the west, whereas M. q. anthidioides, a form with interrupted stripes, occurs from northeastern São Paulo to the northern portion of Diamantina Plateau, in Bahia, and westwards to the western tip of Minas Gerais and central portion of the Goiás State. The data of RFLP showed two restriction patterns, one present in M. q. quadrifasciata, and another in M. q. anthidioides and in populations with continuous tergal stripes from northern Minas Gerais and northeastern Bahia and Sergipe. The phylogeography was evaluated across its range of M. quadrifasciata populations. Using 852 bp of mtDNA COI gene of 145 individuals from 56 locates of RS RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, MG, ES, BA and SE states in Brazil. Fifty haplotypes were identified 50 with a nucleotide diversity (π) of 0,0055 and a haplotypic diversity (Hd) of 0,957. The phylogenetic analysis showed the presence of two clades: the south clade comprising the subspecies M. q. quadrifasciata, and the north clade formed by the subspecies M. q. anthidioides and the populations with continuous tergal stripes from northern Minas Gerais and northeastern Bahia and Sergipe. AMOVA showed a percentage of variation between the clades of 68,56% and a ΦST 0,905. The barrier of gene flow, estimated with SAMOVA, was located close to Ribeira do Iguape River Valley in the south of the State of São Paulo. The unimodal mismatch distribution suggested bottleneck events affecting both clades. Coalescence analysis estimated time of divergence estimated between 490.000 and 390.000 years B.P. Other species of Melipona of the Atlantic forest, M. bicolor and M. marginata, also present subspecies that display morphological differences along north-south ranges that match the distribution of M. q. quadrifasciata and M. q. anthidioides. Concordant phylogeographyc patterns have been reported for other animal groups, as birds (Xiphorhynchus fuscus) and serpents (Bothrops jararaca).